植期和种植密度对甘蔗良繁种茎农艺性状的影响  

Effects of Planting Date and Density on Agronomic Traits of Elite Seed Cane

作　　者：吴凯朝 黄诚梅 徐林 翁梦苓 邓智年 庞天 李茂 黄海 陶思兴 周锋 WU Kaichao;HUANG Chengmei;Xu Lin;WENG Mengling;DENG Zhinian;PANG Tian;LI Mao;HUANG Hai;TAO Sixing;ZHOU Feng(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007;Guangxi Runmao Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Binyang,Guangxi 530409;Laibin Jinfenghuang Agricultural Investment Co.,Ltd.,Laibin,Guangxi 546100)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁530007 [2]广西润茂农业开发有限公司,广西宾阳530409 [3]来宾市金凤凰农业投资有限公司,广西兴宾546100

出　　处：《中国糖料》2025年第2期27-35,共9页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(区域创新体系建设类桂科ZY20158007);广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026460)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同植期和种植密度对‘桂糖44号’良繁种茎农艺性状的影响特点,为甘蔗良种高效繁育生产标准制定提供科学依据。【方法】以‘桂糖44号’脱毒组培苗为材料,以植期(A)为主区,种植密度(B)为副区,开展3个不同植期和种植密度二因素裂区试验,研究植期和种植密度对该品种新植和第一年宿根良繁种茎农艺性状指标的影响。【结果】植期与‘桂糖44号’脱毒组培苗分蘖苗数和分蘖率关系密切,A3植期获得最大平均单株分蘖苗数,均在14苗/株以上;植期和种植密度对‘桂糖44号’脱毒组培苗的株高、茎径、成茎及有效芽有显著的影响,A1B1的株高、茎径、成茎率最大,A3B1获得最大单株蔗茎数,A3B3获得最大单位面积有效茎数,A1B2获得最大单位面积总有效芽数;在宿根蔗表现上,A3B2获得最大单位面积有效茎数和单位面积总有效芽数;植期对‘桂糖44号’脱毒组培苗新植蔗的种茎发芽率影响显著,A3植期的种茎发芽率最大,均在98%以上,但对宿根蔗种茎发芽率影响不大。【结论】‘桂糖44号’脱毒组培苗在桂中蔗区良繁基地的种植期为5月中旬到6月中旬之间为适宜,种植密度以1.65万株/hm^(2)左右为最佳。【Objective】To explore the influence of planting dates and densities on the agronomic traits of the propagation stalk of the sugarcane variety‘Guitang 44’,and provide a theoretical basis for establishing scientific standards for the efficient sugarcane propagation.【Methods】Using the virus-free tissue-cultured seedlings of‘Guitang 44’as the materials,taking the planting date(A)as the main plot and the planting density(B)as the sub-plot,a two-factor split-plot experiment with three different planting dates and planting densities was carried out to study their effects on the agronomic traits indicators of the plant and first ratoon crop.【Results】The planting date was closely related to the number of tillers and tillering rate,and the highest tiller mean number(≥14 tillers/plant)was obtained in the A3 planting date.The planting date and density significantly affected plant height,stalk diameter,stalk formation and effective buds.A1B1 maximized plant height,stalk diameter,and stalk formation rate,A3B1 yielded the highest number of stalk per stool,A3B3 produced the highest effective stalk per unit area,and A1B2 achieved the highest total effective buds per unit area.In the ratoon,A3B2 optimized effective stalk per unit area.The planting date had a significant impact on the germination rate of plant cane,and A3 performed the highest germination rate,all above 98%,but had little effect on the germination rate of the ratoon cane.【Conclusion】For the virus-free tissue-cultured seedlings of‘Guitang 44’,the suitable planting period in the elite propagation base of the sugarcane area in central Guangxi is between mid-May and mid-June,and the optimal planting density is about 16,500 plants per hectare.

关 键 词：甘蔗 种植密度 植期 脱毒组培苗 桂糖44号 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]