相对地位对夫妻生育意愿的差异影响研究  

A Study of the Effect of Relative Family Status on Differences of the Couples'Fertility Intentions

作　　者：丁仁船 王欣怡 蔡弘 DING Renchuan;WANG Xinyi;CAI Hong(School of Public Administration,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei,Anhui 230022)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学公共管理学院,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《南方人口》2025年第2期15-27,共13页South China Population

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目:基于生命周期的夫妻生育意愿差异及其生育决策研究(21BRK044)。

摘　　要：本文基于779对夫妻匹配数据,探究了夫妻相对地位对丈夫生育意愿、妻子生育意愿及夫妻生育意愿差异的影响机制。研究发现:第一,夫妻具有地位优势的一方,其个体生育意愿反而越低。第二,从社会经济地位来看,具有优势的一方,其个体生育意愿越低;从家庭地位来看,无论夫妻中哪一方具有优势,均会抑制妻子生育意愿。第三,婚姻存续时间越长,相对地位对夫妻生育意愿差异的影响越小甚至消失。且当丈夫生育意愿大于妻子时,无论丈夫地位具有优势还是妻子地位具有优势,双方生育意愿差异都会更大。第四,无论丈夫地位是否具有优势,其对家庭实际生育行为的影响都更强势,而妻子只有当自己地位具有优势时,才会影响到家庭实际生育行为。据此,需要从公领域与私领域两方面探究性别平等的可能性,积极改变社会性别结构,着力提升夫妻个体生育意愿,缩小夫妻生育意愿差异。Based on matched data from 779 couples,this study investigates the mechanisms through which couples’relative status influences husbands’fertility intentions,wives’fertility intentions,and the disparity in fertility intentions between spouses.The findings reveal:First,the spouse with a relative status advantage exhibits lower individual fertility intentions.Second,in terms of socioeconomic status,the spouse holding an advantage demonstrates lower fertility intentions.Regarding family status,however,regardless of which spouse holds the advantage,it suppresses the wife’s fertility intentions.Third,the longer the marriage duration,the weaker the impact of relative status on the fertility intention disparity between couples,even to the point of disappearance.Notably,when the husband’s fertility intention exceeds the wife’s,the disparity widens regardless of which partner holds the status advantage.Fourth,husbands exert a stronger influence on actual fertility behavior irrespective of their status,whereas wives only impact fertility behavior when they hold a status advantage.These results underscore the need to explore pathways to gender equality in both public and private spheres,actively transform societal gender structures,enhance individual fertility intentions,and reduce disparities in fertility intentions between spouses.

关 键 词：相对地位 生育意愿差异 性别平等 女性发展 

分 类 号：C92-03[社会学—人口学]