职业流动与收入分配——来自数字经济时代青年群体的实证研究  

Occupational Mobility and Income Distribution:An Empirical Study of the Youth Demographics in the Digital Economy

作　　者：周云波[1] 刘贝玙 ZHOU Yun-bo;LIU Bei-yu(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300110)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300110

出　　处：《南方人口》2025年第2期55-67,共13页South China Population

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于多维视角的2020年以后我国相对贫困问题研究”(19ZDA052);国家自然科学基金面上项目“我国城乡居民多维贫困的测量及精准扶贫绩效的评估”(71874089)。

摘　　要：数字经济作为推动我国就业结构调整的新引擎,如何做好青年劳动群体就业工作,发挥其稳就业、增收入的积极作用,具有重要现实意义。现有文献更多关注数字经济对就业的替代与创造效应,忽视其重塑职业流动性而影响劳动者收入增长及收入分配格局。本文基于2012-2022年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),运用分位数回归模型,探讨了数字经济时代下职业流动对青年群体的收入效应和收入差距的影响及作用机制。研究发现:(1)数字经济对青年群体的职业流动收入效应均具有正向促进作用,但存在群体差异性。与中高收入群体相比,职业流动对低收入群体的个人收入提升作用更大。(2)数字经济下职业流动可以显著缩小低收入群体与中高收入群体的收入差距,对优化收入分配格局具有积极作用。(3)通过改善个体职业匹配质量,数字经济显著增强了职业流动对个体收入的提升作用。特别是在职业错配情形下,其对低收入群体的收入改善效应尤为显著。(4)数字经济对于向上职业流动的收入提高均具有放大效应,在缓解中低收入群体向下职业流动方面发挥了积极作用。The digital economy is a key driver of China’s employment structure and is significantly important in Promoting youth employment and job stability and in increasing youth’income.Existing studies focuses on the substitution and creation effects of the digital economy on employment,while insufficient attention has been given to its impact on occupational mobility,which in turn affects the better understanding of labor income increase and income distribution.Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies 2012-2022,this study employs a quantile regression model to examine the effects of occupational mobility on young people’s income as well as its impact on income disparities and the underlying mechanisms in the digital economy.Key findings include:(1)Occupational mobility significantly increases young people’s income levels,with middle-income groups experiencing a more pronounced income growth under the digital economy;(2)Occupational mobility contributes to narrowing income disparities and plays a positive role in optimizing the income distribution structure,particularly by significantly reducing the income gap between low-income and middleto-high-income groups;(3)By improving the quality of occupational matching,the digital economy enhances the positive impact of occupational mobility on individual income,with particularly strong income-improving effects for low-income groups in cases of occupational mismatch;(4)The digital economy amplifies income gains from upward occupational mobility while also playing a positive role in mitigating downward mobility among middle-and low-income groups.

关 键 词：职业流动 收入分配 数字经济 青年群体 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]