结合道义逻辑的人工智能论辩系统法律推理  

An Argumentation System for Legal Reasoning Combined with Deontic Logic

作　　者：余喆 卢一苇 伯克哈特·谢弗 Zhe Yu;Yiwei Lu;Burkhard Schafer(Institute of Logic and Cognition,Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University;School of Law,University of Edinburgh)

机构地区：[1]中山大学逻辑与认知研究所暨哲学系 [2]爱丁堡大学法学院

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2025年第2期62-74,共13页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉译逻辑术语本土化与中国逻辑学话语体系建设研究”(21&ZD065)。

摘　　要：形式论辩是一种可以在知识不一致情境下实现推理的非单调推理手段。在底层知识的表示上,通常可以根据需求灵活采用不同的逻辑形式。在已有的法律推理系统,例如法律本体、法律知识图谱或法律专家系统中,智能化的法律推理往往依托于经典逻辑语言实现。这导致这些法律知识库的推理无法反映出法律推理中的不确定性、不一致性、辩证性等特征,并限制了它们在法律任务中的实际应用。因此,本文结合了道义逻辑与形式论辩,刻画基于法律语义下的规范推理。这一尝试旨在通过引入新的推理功能与表达方式更好地包含法律推理的底层原则,并为之后更复杂的法律应用打下基础。考虑到AI可解释问题,本文还基于所出的论辩系统给出了一个关于解释的形式定义。Formal argumentation is a non-monotonic reasoning approach that enables reason ing in contexts where knowledge is uncertain and inconsistent.Typically,the represen tation of underlying knowledge can flexibly adopt various logical forms within a struc tured argumentation framework as needed.This paper primarily focuses on applications of formal argumentation systems in AI and Law.In the domain of normative reasoning-where legal contexts serve as a prime example-conflicts between legal norms fre quently arise.Existing legal reasoning systems,such as legal ontologies,legal knowl edge graphs,and legal expert systems,typically rely on classical logical languages to implement intelligent legal reasoning.However,this reliance prevents these systems from effectively capturing the uncertainty,inconsistency,and dialectical nature of legal reasoning,thereby limiting their practical applicability in legal tasks.To address this limitation,this paper integrates deontic logic with structured argumentation theory to model normative reasoning within legal semantics.This integration enhances the foun dational principles of legal reasoning by introducing novel reasoning functionalities and expressive capabilities,laying the groundwork for more advanced legal applications in the future.Furthermore,considering the growing emphasis on explainable AI,we pro vide a formal definition of explanation within the proposed argumentation system.

关 键 词：形式论辩 道义逻辑 规范推理 可解释人工智能 非单调推理 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]