论逻辑后承概念——一种基于“符合真”的证明式定义  

On the Concept of Logical Consequence-A Proof-Theoretic Conception Based on the“Correspondence Theory of Truth”

作　　者：胡兰双 Lanshuang Hu(Department of Philosophy,Party School of Tianjin Municipal Committee of CPC)

机构地区：[1]中共天津市委党校哲学教研部

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2025年第2期75-93,共19页Studies in Logic

摘　　要：逻辑后承概念是逻辑学概念之根本,要理解什么是逻辑,首要的是要理解什么是逻辑后承。一般认为,逻辑后承具有必然性、形式性、题材中立性等特征。逻辑后承的证明式定义和语义模型定义都能一定程度上体现上述要求,但也都面临质疑:证明式定义局限于具体的逻辑系统;语义模型定义需证明数学模型的合理性。通过对两种定义的分析,加之谢尔“逻辑建基于世界”的观点,可以构建一种基于“符合真”的逻辑后承的证明式定义,其既能直观明确地解释何为“逻辑地得出”,又能摆脱具体逻辑系统的束缚,同时能够体现出语义模型定义的实质,还可以为反逻辑例外论立场和坚持真理符合论的立场供支持,并向非形式逻辑视角下的逻辑后承概念开放,是一种值得辩护的逻辑后承定义方式。The concept of logical consequence is the fundamental concept of logic.To under stand what logic is,it is essential to first grasp the concept of logical consequence.It is generally believed that logical consequence has characteristics such as necessity,for mality,subject matter neutrality and so on.Both the proof-theoretic conception of log ical consequence and the semantic(model)-theoretic conception of logical consequence can reflect the above requirements to a certain extent,but they also face doubts:the proof-theoretic conception is limited to the specific logical system;the semantic(model)-theoretic conception needs to prove the rationality of mathematical model.Through the analysis of these two theoretic conceptions,coupled with Sher’s view that“logic is based on the world”,we can construct a proof-theoretic conception of logical consequence based on the“correspondence theory of truth”,it can not only intuitively and clearly explain what“following logically”means,but also get rid of the constraint of specific logical system,and can reflect the essence of the semantic(model)-theoretic conception at the same time.It can also provide support for the position of anti-exceptionalism about logic and the position of insisting on the correspondence theory of truth,and open to the concept of logical consequence from the perspective of informal logic.It is a method of theoretic conception of logical consequence that deserves to be defended.

关 键 词：逻辑后承 证明式定义 语义模型定义 逻辑常项 符合论 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]