金钱白花蛇及其混伪品骨骼和鳞片微性状鉴别研究  

Micro-morphological Identification of the Scales of Commercially Available Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus)and Their Common Confused Products

作　　者：侯芳洁 林相武 樊伟旭 杨言言 郑玉光 孙宝惠 HOU Fangjie;LIN Xiangwu;FAN Weixu;YANG Yanyan;ZHENG Yuguang;SUN Baohui(Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang 050200,Hebei,China;Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050200,Hebei,China;Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College,Shijiazhuang 050026,Hebei,China;Hebei Institute for Drug Control,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北中医药大学,河北石家庄050200 [2]河北省中药炮制技术创新中心,河北石家庄050200 [3]河北化工医药职业技术学院,河北石家庄050026 [4]河北省药品检验研究院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《辽宁中医药大学学报》2025年第5期42-46,F0003,共6页Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家中医药管理局第七批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目(国中医药人教函[2022]76号);河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目(2022102);河北省二期现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(HBCT2018060205)。

摘　　要：目的对金钱白花蛇及其混伪品各部分的性状、微性状、显微特征及相关的理化指标进行研究,为其真伪鉴别和质量标准提供依据。方法对市售金钱白花蛇进行收集,采用3D技术对金钱白花蛇头部及体部的鳞片、鼻骨、顶骨、椎骨进行微性状鉴别。随机选取金钱白花蛇及其混伪品前部与中部椎骨(n=20),使用SPSS 26.0对后关节突两尖端距离的最大值与前关节突两端距离最大值的比值进行统计学分析。采用聚合酶链式反应法(PCR)提取样品的DNA,利用COI引物进行PCR扩增并测序,应用MEGA 5.1软件进行分析,并采用邻接法(NJ)构建系统聚类树。结果通过对鳞片、骨骼的微性状可以鉴别金钱白花蛇正品与混伪品。统计学分析结果显示,金钱白花蛇椎骨中后关节突两尖端距离的最大值与后关节突两端距离最大值的比值小于其混伪品的比值。结论通过微性状鉴别能很好区分正伪品的药材和饮片,并且鉴别特征稳定。Objective To distinguish genuine from counterfeit products by micro-morphological identification of scales on the head and body of Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus),and to provide a basis for the identification of its medicinal materials and tablets.Methods Commercially available Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus)was collected and the scales,nasal bone,parietal bone and vertebrae of the head and body of Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus)were identified by micro-morphology using 3D technology.The ratio of the maximum value of the distance between the two tips of the posterior articular process and the maximum value of the distance between the two ends of the anterior articular process was measured by randomly selecting the anterior and middle vertebrae(n=20)of Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus)and its counterfeit products,and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Later,DNA of the samples was extracted by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),PCR amplified and sequenced using COI primers,analyzed by MEGA 5.1 software,and a systematic clustering tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method(NJ).Results The genuine and mixed forgeries of Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus)could be distinguished by identifying the cheek scales,body scale type,scale end fossa,film capsule,longitudinal straight stripe,basal finger-like texture,and the morphology of the nasal and parietal bones.The results of statistical analysis showed that the ratio of the maximum value of the distance between the two tips of the posterior articular processes in the vertebrae of Jinqianbaihuashe(Bungarus Parvus)to the maximum value of the distance between the two ends of the posterior articular processes was smaller than that of its counterfeit products.Conclusion The identification by micromorphology can well distinguish the genuine and counterfeit herbs and tablets,and the identification characteristics are stable.

关 键 词：金钱白花蛇 3D景深合成技术 微性状 DNA鉴别 醇浸出物 

分 类 号：R286.0[医药卫生—中药学]