豫西旱地烤烟/甘薯间轮作种植模式对土壤微生物及线虫群落的影响  

Effects of Intercropping-rotation Planting Pattern of Flue-cured Tobacco and Sweet Potato on Communities of Soil Microorganisms and Nematode in Dryland of Western Henan Province

作　　者：杜荆山 王玉洁 何冰[3] 温烜琳 张书豪 和梦颖 王惠[2] 高佳凯 申洪涛 焦念元[1] 王艳芳[1] 刘领[1] DU Jingshan;WANG Yujie;HE Bing;WEN Xuanlin;ZHANG Shuhao;HE Mengying;WANG Hui;GAO Jiakai;SHEN Hongtao;JIAO Nianyuan;WANG Yanfang;LIU Ling(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Technology Center,Luoyang Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation,Luoyang 471000,China;Xuchang Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation,Xuchang 461000,China;Technology Center,China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司技术中心,河南洛阳471000 [3]河南省烟草公司许昌市公司,河南许昌461000 [4]河南中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期78-86,M0007,M0008,共11页Journal of Henan University of Science And Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700367);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(212102110286,242102110209);河南省自然科学基金项目(222300420146);河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司项目(2022410300270071);河南省烟草公司许昌市公司项目(2021411000240098)。

摘　　要：为探索适宜豫西旱地烤烟高质量持续发展的种植模式,以烤烟“河洛1号”和鲜食甘薯“普薯32”为材料,采用田间试验和高通量测序技术,研究了烟-烟连作(对照处理)和烟薯间轮作(T处理,2垄烟2垄甘薯,隔年交替换垄)对植烟土壤微生物和线虫群落结构及多样性的影响。结果表明:与对照处理相比,T处理土壤细菌群落ACE指数和Chao1指数分别显著提高了3.47%和2.39%,真菌群落Chao1指数显著提高了1.95%。T处理土壤微生物群落结构与对照处理存在差异。T处理细菌放线菌门、酸杆菌门及真菌子囊菌门的相对丰度分别增加了2.49%、23.98%和19.14%,细菌变形菌门、绿弯菌门以及真菌担子菌门、被孢霉门和壶菌门的相对丰度分别降低了11.52%、12.20%、48.21%、14.86%和12.23%。T处理主要刺激细菌群落Hymenobacteraceae、草酸杆菌科、土黏结杆菌属以及真菌群落粪壳菌纲、粪壳菌目等显著富集。不同处理土壤共有优势线虫为拟丽突属,优势营养类群均为食细菌类线虫。T处理降低了食细菌线虫、植物寄生线虫和杂食性/捕食性线虫的相对丰度,增加了食真菌线虫的相对丰度。土壤有机质分解途径以细菌通道为主。与对照处理相比,T处理线虫多样性和丰度分别降低了45.38%和69.62%,土壤线虫的结构指数和富集指数分别提高了130.79%和6 892.31%。烟薯间轮作有利于增加土壤微生物群落丰富度,改善微生物群落结构,提高优势菌群比例。同时,烟薯间轮作较烟-烟连作的线虫生态系统稳定性较好,土壤食物网的连通性和复杂性较高,可以为烟草生产提供良好土壤环境。To explore suitable planting patterns for the sustainable high-quality development of flue-cured tobacco in drylands of western Henan province,the field experiment and high-throughput sequencing technology were conducted using flue-cured tobacco‘He Luo 1’and fresh-eating sweet potato‘Pu Shu 32’.The effects of tobacco-tobacco continuous cropping(CK treatment)and tobacco-sweet potato intercropping-rotation(T treatment,two ridges of tobacco alternating with two ridges of sweet potato,alternating ridges every other year)on the structures and diversity of microbial and nematode communities in tobacco-planted soil were examined.The results show that compare with the CK treatment,the ACE index and Chao 1 index of soil bacterial communities significantly increase by 3.47%and 2.39%respectively under T treatment.The Chao 1 index of fungal communities significantly increase by 1.95%.The structure of soil microbial communities is shown to be different between T treatment.The relative abundances of bacterial Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota,along with fungal Ascomycota in T treatment increase by 2.49%,23.98%,and 19.14%respectively.Meanwhile,the relative abundances of bacterial Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi,together with fungal Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota,and Chytridiomycota decrease by 11.52%,12.20%,48.21%,14.86%,and 12.23%respectively.The bacterial communities Hymenobacteraceae,Oxalobacteraceae and Adhaeribacter,as well as the fungal groups Sordariomycetes and Sordariales are significantly enriched in T treatment.Acrobeloides is the common dominant nematode in different soil treatments,and the dominant trophic groups are bacterivorous nematode.The relative abundances of bacterivorous nematode,plant-parasitic nematodes,and omnivore/predator nematode are reduced,and the relative abundance of fungivorous nematode is increased by T treatment.The soil organic matter decomposition pathway is mainly mediated through bacterial channels.Compare with the CK treatment,the nematode diversity and abundance reduce by 45.3

关 键 词：豫西旱地 烤烟 种植方式 土壤 细菌群落 真菌群落 线虫群落 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S154[农业科学—作物学]