基于脂肪酸同位素技术的秦俑彩绘胶结材料研究  

Study of the pigment binding media on the Terra-cotta Army of Emperor Qinshihuangusing fatty acid stable isotopic analysis

作　　者：马颖 赵楹 张尚欣 褚涵宇 朱思红 付倩丽 MA Ying;ZHAO Ying;ZHANG Shangxin;CHU Hanyu;ZHU Sihong;FU Qianli(Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Guangzhou Museum of Art,Guangzhou 510095,China;Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Guangzhou 510055,China;Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum,Xi’an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]广州艺术博物院,广东广州510095 [3]广东省文物考古研究院,广东广州510055 [4]秦始皇帝陵博物院,陕西西安710600

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第2期1-7,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0903800)资助,秦始皇帝陵博物院青年开放课题(QKFKT202109)资助。

摘　　要：本研究尝试对秦始皇帝陵二号坑出土陶俑彩绘残块中的有机胶结材料具体来源进行判别。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对彩绘颜料层中提取到的有机质进行分析。结果表明其中主要成分为脂肪酸及其氧化产物。在此基础上,结合脂肪酸同位素分析技术,获取了提取物中的硬脂酸和棕榈酸的碳同位素比值,其结果指向反刍类动物来源。进一步结合文献资料,推测秦俑应采用了牛胶作为彩绘颜料的胶结剂。在实验过程中,通过引入不同萃取方式,即超临界流体萃取和传统总脂质提取方法对同一样品进行提取效果对比。结果显示与传统萃取法相比,超临界萃取法提取效率更高,提取到的组分更为丰富。因其具有流程精简、耗时短、化学污染少等优点,可能对珍贵考古样品的提取更具有优势。脂肪酸同位素分析技术在秦俑彩绘胶结材料中的成功应用,表明其作为一种行之有效的手段,在未来考古有机残留物的研究中有极大的应用潜力。In this research,we attempted to identify the specific sources of the organic binding media from the Terra-cotta Army of Emperor Qinshihuang.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the organic matter extracted from the pigment layer and the result shows that the main components were fatty acids and their oxidation products.Further identification using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry(GC-C-IRMS)obtained theΔ13 C values of stearic acid and palmitic acid,which were similar to those of ruminants.Combined with the literature,it was speculated that the bovine glue was used as the binding media for the pigments of the Terracotta Army.After the introduction of supercritical fluid extraction(SFE)and total lipid extraction(TLE),the extraction effects of the same sample were compared between different extraction methods.The result shows that the extraction efficiency was significantly improved to capture additional components via SFE,compared with the conventional chemical-reagent extraction method.Featuring the advantages of streamlined process,short time consumption and less chemical pollution,SFE could possibly perform better for the extraction for precious archaeological materials.The successful application of fatty acid stable isotopic analysis(FASIA)to the pigment binding media on the Terra-cotta Army of Qinshihuang indicates that it is an effective measure and will have great potentials in the studies of archaeological organic residues in the future.

关 键 词：秦始皇帝陵兵马俑 彩绘胶结材料 超临界流体萃取 脂肪酸同位素分析 

分 类 号：K878.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]