基于艺术技法与材料分析的油画保护修复——以中国国家博物馆藏油画《减租减息》为例  

Oil painting conservation based on the artistic technique and the material analysis:a case study of Reduction of Rent and Interest in the collectionof the National Museum of China

作　　者：颜宇 赵丹丹 陈静 赵樱乔 杨琴 YAN Yu;ZHAO Dandan;CHEN Jing;ZHAO Yingqiao;YANG Qin(National Museum of China,Beijing 100006)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第2期48-61,共14页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：为了对中国早期油画进行科学的保护修复,以中国国家博物馆藏油画《减租减息》为研究对象。通过社会历史研究法和比较研究法剖析了《减租减息》的艺术技法,发现作品杂糅了延安革命现实主义、西欧学院派古典写实主义以及苏联美术情节性手法,反映了20世纪50年代初国内画家对油画材料处于初步摸索、尚未成熟的阶段。采用多种科学检测手段对油画各层次材料的形貌、成分、性能进行分析,明确了画家用材制作不当导致作品出现严重病害,其中双面油性锌白底是病害产生的关键因素。针对作品特殊的“双面底”工艺,制定了保护性修复策略,运用背面加固新技术,在恢复作品物理强度的同时,最大限度地保留了作品原有工艺特征,延续了作品的真实性和完整性。A scientific way of conserving early oil paintings of China is discussed in this case study of Reduction of Rent and Interest.By exploring the artistic technique of the painting using the social historical approach and the comparative approach,we discovered that the painting was a mixture of Yan’an revolutionary realism,Western European academic classical realism and Soviet art plot techniques,reflecting that Chinese artists were in a state of preliminary exploration and not yet familiar with oil painting materials in the early 1950s.Through scientific analyses of morphology,constituents and properties of the painting materials,we found out that the deterioration was mainly attributed to the workmanship of the painting,especially the double-sided zinc oxide oil-based ground that the painter made.A protective restoration strategy was made,considering the special double ground layers of the painting.To conserve the authenticity and integrity of the painting,a new consolidation technique was applied onto the work.Accordingly,the painting has been reinforced and the original feature of the workmanship has been retained.

关 键 词：艺术技法 材料分析 油画保护修复策略 油性锌白底 双面底油画 

分 类 号：K854.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] J223[历史地理—历史学]