明代宦官马永成墓出土银印章盒的研究  

Research on a silver seal box excavated from the tomb of Eunuch Ma Yongchengof the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：员雅丽[1] 周文丽[2] 孙勐 YUN Yali;ZHOU Wenli;SUN Meng(School of History,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Municipal Institute of Archaeology,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [3]北京市考古研究院,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第2期95-109,共15页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目(22YJC780003)资助。

摘　　要：2014年9月至2015年4月,北京市文物研究所在海淀区八里庄玲珑巷发掘了一座竖穴土坑墓,为明代宦官马永成墓,在墓室北壁龛内发现1套银印章盒,盒上附锁和钥匙1副,锁挂于印章盒上,钥匙放置于盒前。本研究利用X射线衍射、便携式XRF能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪对这套印章盒的成分和制作工艺进行了科学分析。结果表明,印章盒为含铜较少的银合金,盒盖、盒身为银料锤揲为多块长方形银片后焊接而成,印章盒及其上的配件如锁、钥匙、合页等均进行了鎏金处理,分析结果为了解明代银制品的时代和技术特征提供了新的材料。通过研究发现,明代墓葬出土银盒的造型和功能各异,在明代上层社会被广泛使用。明代墓葬出土的金属锁具主要为簧片广锁,多用于墓门、木箱或宝匣,在民间使用金属锁的现象也较为常见。印章盒的制作与马永成任职经历带来的对金属材料的偏好和获取便利有关。The tomb of Eunuch Ma Yongcheng of the Ming Dynasty was excavated by the Beijing Municipal Institute of Archaeology from September 2014 to April 2015.A silver seal box was found in the niche on the north wall of the tomb,with a lock and a key attached to the box.The lock was hung on the box,and the key was placed in front of the box.In this study,X-ray diffraction,X-ray spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry were used to analyze the composition and manufacturing process of the seal box.The results show that the seal box was made of a silver alloy with a lower copper content,and both its lid and body were welded with several rectangular hammered silver pieces.In addition,the box and its accessories such as the lock,the key and hinges were gilded.The results could provide new materials for understanding the technical characteristics of silver products in the Ming Dynasty.According to the study,silver boxes excavated from Ming tombs have different shapes and functions and were widely used in upper levels of society at that time.Metal locks unearthed from Ming tombs are mainly springlocks,mostly used for tomb doors,wooden boxes and treasure boxes,and the use of metal locks by the civilian class at that time was also common.The production of the seal box was related to Ma Yongcheng’s preference for and access to metal materials brought as a result of his employment experience.

关 键 词：马永成墓 印章盒 锤揲 鎏金 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]