平遥古城西侧内墙夯土的病害分布特征及发育机理研究  

Research on the distribution characteristics and development mechanismof diseases in the rammed soil on the west side of the Pingyao Ancient City

作　　者：张底玥 白向灵 安一劲 马富丽[1] 何斌[1] 韩鹏举[1] ZHANG Diyue;BAI Xiangling;AN Yijing;MA Fuli;HE Bin;HAN Pengju(College of Civil Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学土木工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第2期129-138,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51178287)资助。

摘　　要：2021年10月初山西遭到强降水天气侵袭,世界文化遗产平遥古城西侧内墙夯土遭到不同程度破坏。为明确受降水影响后内墙夯土的病害特征及发育机理,选取其中典型病害特征表现段进行分类统计和定量表征,夯土病害类型主要包括裂隙、片状剥蚀、掏蚀、生物破坏和坍塌;另外通过室内宏微观试验得到夯土的工程特性,将其与定量表征结果进行统计学回归分析,得到病害的产生和发育机理。裂隙的产生与冻融循环引起的塑性变形量有关;片状剥蚀的产生与黏粒含量呈负相关;墙体中下部掏蚀的产生与易溶盐含量呈正相关;对于坍塌,一部分由各病害发育演化导致,另一部分由雨水入渗后夯土颗粒间的黏聚力降低导致。最终建立了平遥古城西侧内墙夯土的病害框架体系,为其科学保护和针对性修缮加固提供科学依据。In early October 2021,Shanxi was hit by heavy rainfall,and the rammed earthen walls on the west side of the Pingyao Ancient City,a world cultural heritage site,were damaged to varying degrees.To clarify the disease characteristics and development mechanism of rammed soil on the inner wall after being affected by precipitation,typical disease characteristic segments were selected for classification,statistics,and quantitative characterization.The types of rammed soil diseases mainly include cracks,sheet-like erosion,excavation,biological damage,and collapse.In addition,the engineering characteristics of compacted soil were obtained through indoor macro and micro tests,and statistical regression analysis was performed on the quantitative characterization results to obtain the mechanism of disease occurrence and development.It was found that 1)the formation of cracks was related to the plastic deformation caused by freeze-thaw cycles;2)the occurrence of sheet-like erosion was negatively correlated with the content of clay particles;3)the occurrence of excavation in the middle and lower parts of the wall was positively correlated with the content of soluble salts;4)for collapse,one part was caused by the development and evolution of various diseases,and the other part was caused by the decrease in cohesion between compacted soil particles after rainwater infiltration.Finally,a disease framework system for the rammed soil on the west side of the Pingyao Ancient City was established,providing a scientific basis for its scientific conservation and targeted restoration and reinforcement.

关 键 词：平遥古城 夯土破坏 病害分类 病害特征 发育机理 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]