长江下游出土木胎漆器的胎骨鉴定与制胎工艺演变研究  

Species identification of the cores of wooden lacquerwares excavatedfrom the lower reaches of Yangtze River and research on the developmentof their fabrication processes

作　　者：张国庆 王子尧 夏晶 王娜 ZHANG Guoqing;WANG Ziyao;XIA Jing;WANG Na(Department of Conservation Science,the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Institute of Lacquerware,the Palace Museum Institute,the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Yangzhou Museum,Yangzhou 225125,China;Yangzhou Work Station of Key Scientific Research Base of Excavated Wood and Lacquerware Conservation(Yangzhou Museum),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Yangzhou 225125,China;Yizheng Museum,Yangzhou 211499,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文保科技部,北京100009 [2]故宫博物院故宫研究院漆器研究所,北京100009 [3]扬州博物馆,江苏扬州225125 [4]出土木漆器保护国家文物局重点科研基地扬州工作站(扬州博物馆),江苏扬州225125 [5]仪征博物馆,江苏扬州211499

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第2期167-178,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项资助(2019YFC1520300),故宫博物院2020年度科研课题经费资助(KT2020-29)。

摘　　要：长江下游是中国漆器的发源地,也是重要的产区,辐射范围广泛。通过对16件长江下游产区的汉、唐、宋、元时期漆器的胎骨材质鉴定发现,汉代漆器以阔叶材为主,而自唐开始的木胎为针叶材,这与社会需求变化、材性认识进步和制胎工艺发展密切相关。斫木胎,旋木胎,夹纻胎再到圈叠胎,制胎工艺不断变化,针叶材也取代了阔叶材,使得胎骨加工更容易,也实现了胎体的从重到轻,从厚到薄的变化,且赋予造型屈曲多变的特性。此外三件圈叠胎漆器也有不同的形式,可能与漆器的器型和不同时代的材性认识存在关系。基于漆器木胎的研究补充了漆器制作工艺的认知,深化了对古人木材认知的发展与利用的了解。The lower reaches of Yangtze River are the birthplace of Chinese lacquerwares and an important production area with a wide-spread range.In our study,through the identification of 16 lacquerwares of the Han,Tang,Song and Yuan Dynasties in the lower reaches of Yangtze River,it was found that those of the Han Dynasties were mainly made of hard wood(broad-leaved wood),and those from the Tang Dynasty were made of soft wood(coniferous wood).This phenomenon was closely related to the change of social demand,progress of material understanding,and development of lacquerware-making technology.The constant change of lacquerware-making technology and the replacement of broad-leaved wood with coniferous wood made the fabrication process of lacquerwares easier and resulted in the change of cores from being heavy to light and from being thick to thin,bringing curving and diverse shapes.In addition,the lacquerwares with Quandietai also have different forms,which may be related to the type of lacquerware and the material understanding at different times.Based on the studies of lacquerware wooden cores,we understood the lacquerware-making technology and explored the development and utilization of ancient people’s knowledge of wood.

关 键 词：漆器 木胎 分类 材性认知 制胎工艺 

分 类 号：K876.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K876.7[历史地理—历史学]