中意纸质文物脱酸技术的实践与思考  

Practice and reflection on the deacidification technology for Chineseand Italian paper relics

作　　者：周昕 ZHOU Xin(Key Laboratory of Archaeological Sciences and Cultural Heritage,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院科技考古与文化遗产保护重点实验室,北京102488

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第2期179-188,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：中国社会科学院“青启计划”(2024QQJH070)资助。

摘　　要：我国拥有数量庞大的珍贵纸质文物。受内外多重因素影响,纸质文物的理化性质难以长久保持不变,各种病害问题会导致载体的性能下降,最终影响文物的保存寿命。现有保护修复研究多集中在分析纸张酸化原因与脱酸材料方面,实操应用的讨论则相对较少。因此,本文从实践层面出发,以脱酸方法为研究重点,借鉴意大利纸质文物的保护修复经验,首先介绍了脱酸前应做的准备和辅助材料的选择,其次从工艺和材料两个维度梳理了近年来常用的几种脱酸技术,阐明了操作要点及注意事项,对不同技术上的优缺点进行了分析,并基于我国纸质文物特点提出了脱酸干预时的工作思路。此外,为了更好地保持脱酸效果,本文还延伸讨论了后续抗氧化和加固修复环节的意义及操作方法,强调保护修复工作整体意识的重要性。China boasts a large number of precious paper-based cultural relics,but it is difficult to maintain their physical and chemical properties for a long time due to multiple internal and external factors.A variety of diseases can cause the decline of carrier performances,and these affect the lifetime of cultural relics.Most of the available studies of conservation and restoration focus on the analysis of the causes of paper acidification and deacidification materials,while those about the practical application are relatively fewer.Therefore,this article,from the practical level,takes the deacidification method as the research focus,and learns from the conservation and restoration experience of Italian paper relics.It introduces the preparations that should be done before deacidification and the selection of auxiliary materials,and sorts out several deacidification technologies commonly used indoors in recent years from the two perspectives of process and materials.It then clarifies the key points and precautions of operation and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies.Finally,it proposes the working ideas for deacidification intervention based on the characteristics of paper-based cultural relics in China.In addition,in order to better keep the effect of deacidification,the article further discusses the significance and operation methods of the subsequent anti-oxidation and reinforcement restoration as an extension,to emphasize the importance of the overall conservation and restoration work.

关 键 词：脱酸方法 实践应用 工艺和材料 中意纸质文物修复技术 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]