1980年以来黄河三角洲湿地资源演变驱动因素研究  

Multi-dimensional Drivers of Wetland Evolution in the Yellow River Delta Since 1980 and Sustainable Management Strategies

作　　者：巴音吉 庞国涛 刘晓煌 窦文骏 李闯 高金华 马汝强 BA Yinji;PANG Guotao;LIU Xiaohuang;DOU Wenjun;LI Chuang;GAO Jinhua;MA Ruqiang(Yantai Center of Coastal Zone Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Yantai,Shandong 264001,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Beijing 100055,China;Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Command Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055,China;Ministry of Natural Resources Observation and Research Station of Land-Sea Interaction Field in the Yellow River Estuary,Yantai,Shandong 264001,China;Offshore Oil Engineering Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局烟台海岸带地质调查中心,山东烟台264001 [2]自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055 [3]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京100055 [4]自然资源部黄河入海口陆海交互作用野外科学观测研究站,山东烟台264001 [5]海洋石油工程股份有限公司,天津300011

出　　处：《现代地质》2025年第2期447-455,共9页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“黄河流域中下游(河南段)水沙相互作用及生态环境承载力调查监测与评价”(DD20220885)。

摘　　要：黄河三角洲湿地是黄河流域面积最大且保存最为完整的湿地。因海水倒灌引起的土壤盐碱化、生态环境脆弱等问题尚未得到完全解决,须进一步加强湿地资源相关资源环境指标的观测研究。本研究以现代黄河三角洲湿地为研究区域,采取遥感解译与土壤、植被调查观测相结合的方式对黄河三角洲湿地资源进行系统分析,定量分析研究区内1980年以来湿地面积变化规律以及湿地资源演变的影响因素,并为进一步科学保护提出对策建议。结果表明:(1)湿地面积呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势,其中2000年前湿地面积呈减少趋势,2000年之后开始增加,且湿地面积变化的重心由东南向西北方向变化。(2)湿地资源的演变驱动机制受黄河径流、泥沙量、降水等多种要素的综合影响,随着黄河输水量的减少,黄河三角洲湿地水循环呈现“捉襟见肘”的态势。人类产业活动对湿地影响较大,但保护区建设对湿地资源的保护与恢复起到了促进作用。(3)湿地资源演变过程中土壤盐度变化特征显示,土壤含盐量由沿海到内陆呈递减规律,地下水对土壤含盐量的影响随深度的增加而增大。结合湿地植被分布特征研究,进一步验证土壤水盐变化是影响湿地植被群落结构特征的重要因素。黄河径流、输沙和人类活动是湿地资源演变驱动因素,进一步提出合理调水调沙、保护利用、宣传教育等方面的保护修复意见以支撑黄河三角洲湿地资源保护修复。The Yellow River Delta wetland is the largest and most well-preserved wetland in the Yellow River Basin.However,issues such as soil salinization and fragile ecological environment caused by seawater intrusion have not been completely resolved,necessitating further strengthening of monitoring and research on relevant resource and environmental indicators of wetland resources.This study takes the modern Yellow River Delta wetland as the research area and employs a combination of remote sensing interpretation and soil and vegetation surveys to systematically analyze the wetland resources of the Yellow River Delta.The study quantitatively analyzes the changes in wetland area since 1980 and the influencing factors of wetland resource evolution,and proposes scientific protection and restoration strategies.The results show that:(1) The wetland area has shown a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.Before 2000,the wetland area decreased,and it began to increase after 2000.The center of gravity of wetland area changes shifted from the southeast to the northwest.(2) The evolution of wetland resources is driven by a combination of factors,including Yellow River runoff,sediment load,and precipitation.With the reduction of Yellow River water supply,the water cycle of the Yellow River Delta wetland is in a precarious situation.Human industrial activities have a significant impact on wetlands,but the establishment of nature reserves has played a positive role in the protection and restoration of wetland resources.(3) The soil salinity variation during the evolution of wetland resources shows that soil salinity decreases from the coast to the inland,and the influence of groundwater on soil salinity increases with depth.Combined with the study of wetland vegetation distribution characteristics,it is further confirmed that soil and water salinity changes are important factors affecting the structure of wetland vegetation communities.Yellow River runoff,sediment transport,and human activities are the driving factors of wetl

关 键 词：调查观测 植被 土壤 人类活动 三角洲湿地 黄河 

分 类 号：P967[天文地球—自然地理学]