皖南山区1990—2020年间土壤侵蚀特征及影响因素  

Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Drivers of Soil Erosion in the Mountainous Areas of South Anhui from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：肖粤新 孙泽龙 闵英姿 杨鹏至 田兆飞 成明 兰建梅 XIAO Yuexin;SUN Zelong;MIN Yingzi;YANG Pengzhi;TIAN Zhaofei;CHENG Ming;LAN Jianmei(Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Changsha,Hunan 410600,China;Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin Ministry of Natural Resources,Changsha,Hunan 410007,China;Huangshan Observation and Research Station for Land-water Resources,Huangshan,Anhui 245000,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心,湖南长沙410600 [2]自然资源部洞庭湖流域生态保护修复工程技术创新中心,湖南长沙410007 [3]黄山水土资源野外科学观测研究站,安徽黄山245000 [4]自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055

出　　处：《现代地质》2025年第2期478-494,共17页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“江南丘陵区自然资源与地表基质观测监测评价”(DD20230515);自然资源部洞庭湖流域生态保护修复工程技术创新中心开放课题基金项目(2023016)。

摘　　要：本文以安徽省皖南山区为研究对象,基于GIS技术和CSLE模型定量评估了1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年4期研究区土壤侵蚀时空变化特征,并且重点探讨了土壤侵蚀与土地利用、坡度、海拔间的关系。结果表明:1990—2020年4期研究区土壤侵蚀量分别为5719万t、4893万t、6669万t、6565万t,平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为1336 t/(km^(2)·a)、1143 t/(km^(2)·a)、1558 t/(km^(2)·a)、1534 t/(km^(2)·a),总体上土壤侵蚀状况呈现加剧趋势,主要体现在部分区域从轻微、轻度侵蚀向更高程度的侵蚀等级转移;土壤侵蚀程度以轻微、轻度侵蚀为主,空间分布总体特点为北低南高,池州、黄山和宣城市的多山地区是水土流失重点防治区域。土壤侵蚀的空间分布与土地利用、坡度、海拔等密切相关,林地土壤侵蚀程度高于耕地,这与土地利用方式的分布程度有关;土壤侵蚀模数随坡度和海拔的增加而增大,坡度25°~35°区域内土壤侵蚀量最大,年平均土壤侵蚀总量为960.92万t,占比32.79%,海拔200~500 m区域内土壤侵蚀量最大,年平均土壤侵蚀总量为1306.75万t,占比39.24%,因此未来须进一步加强这些区域的生态恢复及水土保持措施建设,建议通过增加植被覆盖、合理规划坡地农业等措施来改善水土流失现状。本研究结果可为皖南山区的水土流失综合治理提供科学依据。Based on GIS technology and CSLE model,this paper quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil erosion in the study area in 1990,2000,2010 and 2020,and focused on the relationship between soil erosion and land use,slope and altitude.The results showed that the amount of soil erosion in the study area in the four phases from 1990 to 2020 was 57.19 million t,48.93 million t,66.69 million t and 65.65 million t respectively,and the average soil erosion modulus was 1336 t/(km~2·a),1,143 t/(km~2·a),1,558 t/(km~2·a)and 1,558 t/(km~2·a),respectively.The degree of soil erosion was mainly slight and mild,and the overall spatial distribution was low in the north and high in the south.The mountainous areas of Chizhou,Huangshan and Xuancheng were the key areas for soil erosion prevention and control.The spatial distribution of soil erosion was closely related to land use,slope and altitude,and the degree of soil erosion in woodland was higher than that in cultivated land,which was related to the distribution degree of land use patterns.Soil erosion modulus increased with the increase of slope and altitude,and the soil erosion was the largest in the area with slope of 25-35,with an annual average of 9,609,200 t,accounting for 32.79%,and the largest in the area with altitude of 200-500 m,with an annual average of 13,067,500 t,accounting for 39.24%.Therefore,it is necessary to further strengthen the ecological restoration and soil and water conservation in these areas in the future.The results of this study can provide scientific basis for comprehensive control of soil erosion in mountainous areas of Southern Anhui.

关 键 词：CSLE模型 土壤侵蚀 土地利用 皖南山区 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]