云南曲靖典型煤矿区土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价  

Ecological Risk Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination in a Typical Coal-mining Area from Qujing,Yunnan Province

作　　者：魏总 姜昕 黄安 杨朝磊 赵军生 和峰 田瑜峰 晏柳 夏欣 张秋雨 蒋爱华 WEI Zong;JIANG Xin;HUANG An;YANG Chaolei;ZHAO Junsheng;HE Feng;TIAN Yufeng;YAN Liu;XIA Xin;ZHANG Qiuyu;JIANG Aihua(Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Kunming,Yunnan 650100,China;Yunnan Province Field Science Observation and Research Station on the Evolution of Soil and Water Resources and the Carbon Sequestration Enhancement Effects in the Alpine Gorge Area of the Jinsha River,Chuxiong,Yunnan 651400,China;Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink engineering Technology Innovation Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650100,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Beijing 100055,China;Zijin Mining Group,Shanghang,Fujian 364204,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心,云南昆明650100 [2]金沙江高山峡谷区水土资源演化与固碳增汇效应云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南楚雄651400 [3]自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心,云南昆明650100 [4]自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055 [5]紫金矿业集团,福建上杭364204

出　　处：《现代地质》2025年第2期495-503,共9页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“云南中北部干热河谷区土壤侵蚀调查监测与评价”(DD20220888);“云南富源—贵州盘州能源矿产集中区生态修复支撑调查”(DD20208075)。

摘　　要：重金属污染是生态风险评价的重要内容。采集云南曲靖典型煤矿区表层土壤(0~20 cm)135个,测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量,构建“双指数-双标准”评价体系揭示污染特征。研究发现:(1)参照《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管制标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018),研究区仅Cd含量个别地方高于其规定的污染风险管制值,其它Cr、As、Hg和Pb的含量均低于污染风险管制值。(2)2021年研究区内梅罗综合污染指数均值为2.80,整体处于中度污染。基于GB 15618—2018的综合污染指数均值为1.58,整体处于监测级。通过对比,基于GB 15618—2018的综合污染指数评价中的管制区域与潜在风险指数中的严重生态风险区域吻合,但在其它评级上与生态危害指数评价、内梅罗综合污染指数的评价结果相冲突。传统的风险指数评价法是早期通过个案研究提出的方法,缺乏标准依据,在GB 15618—2018颁布的背景下,易给新的科学研究造成干扰,其评价的有效性也有值得商榷。(3)研究区煤矸石堆附近综合污染程度较高,建议对高风险区域的产煤等活动进行监管治理,尤其需要加强对高风险因子Cd的管制。Heavy metal contamination constitutes a critical component of ecological risk evaluation.Concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,and Zn were measured in 135 surface soil samples(0-20 cm)from a typical coal-mining area in Qujing,Yunnan Province,where a dual-index-dual-criteria evaluation system was developed to characterize pollution patterns.Key findings reveal that:(1)According to China's Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018),only localized Cd concentrations exceeded regulatory thresholds,while Cr,As,Hg,and Pb levels remained below risk control values;(2)The 2021 Nemerow comprehensive pollution index averaged 2.80(moderate pollution),contrasting with a GB 15618-2018-based index mean of 1.58(monitoring threshold).While regulated zones under GB 15618-2018 aligned with severe ecological risk areas identified by potential risk indices,discrepancies emerged in lower-risk classifications between ecological hazard indices and Nemerow evaluations.Traditional risk assessment methods,initially derived from case studies without standardized protocols,demonstrate limited compatibility with GB 15618-2018 frameworks,suggesting their validity requires further scrutiny;(3)Elevated pollution levels near coal gangue stockpiles necessitate prioritized regulation of coal production activities in high-risk zones,particularly targeting Cd contamination mitigation.

关 键 词：煤矿区 重金属污染 风险评价 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学] P722.5[天文地球—地球物理学] X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]