新生儿痰标本中微生物菌群结构特征与呼吸道感染的关系  

Relationship between structural characteristics of microbial flora in neonatal sputum samples and respiratory infections

作　　者：夏端祥 李娜 Xia Duanxiang;Li Na(Department of Pediatrics,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital,Suqian 223800;Department of Nephrology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital,Suqian 223800)

机构地区：[1]南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院儿科,江苏宿迁223800 [2]南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院肾内科,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《中国现代医药杂志》2025年第4期6-13,共8页Modern Medicine Journal of China

基　　金：2021年度江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(编号:F202153)。

摘　　要：目的 分析新生儿痰标本中微生物菌群结构特征与呼吸道感染的关系。方法 选取2023年8月~2024年8月我院收治的50例呼吸道感染新生儿作为研究对象(纳入观察组),另选取同期于我院分娩的50例健康新生儿作为对照组。采集新生儿痰标本,提取全基因组DNA并进行16S rDNA高通量测序,绘制稀释性曲线和物种累积曲线;比较两组新生儿痰标本中微生物α多样性、β多样性、物种组成结构、物种及功能丰度。结果 稀释性曲线和物种累积曲线显示本研究测序深度合理,样本量足够全面;α多样性分析结果显示,观察组Shannon指数、Simpson指数较对照组均明显较低(t=2.804、2.512,P=0.006、0.014);两组间Bray-Curtis距离较组内(100例新生儿)明显增加(R=0.581,P=0.024);PCoA分析结果显示,两组痰标本菌群呈现显著分离(F=2.985,P=0.017);在属水平上,观察组新生儿痰标本中拟杆菌属、粪杆菌属、毛螺菌属丰度明显低于对照组,双歧杆菌属、韦荣氏球菌属、志贺菌和大肠埃希菌属、链球菌属丰度明显高于对照组(P<0.05);在种水平上,观察组痰标本中的肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌丰度明显高于对照组,乳酸杆菌丰度明显低于对照组(P<0.05);功能预测分析结果显示,观察组其他次生代谢产物的生物合成、碳水化合物代谢通路途径丰度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 呼吸道感染新生儿痰标本中微生物菌群多样性降低,健康新生儿痰标本中微生物其他次生代谢产物的生物合成和碳水化合物代谢通路途径更为活跃。Objective To analyze the relationship between structural characteristics of microbial flora in neonatal sputum samples and respiratory infections.Methods 50 newborns with respiratory infections admitted to our hospital from Aug 2023 to Aug 2024 were selected as the study objects and included in the observation group.Another 50 healthy newborns who delivered in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Sputum samples of newborns were collected,whole-genomic DNA was extracted and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to construct dilution curves and species accumulation curves.The microbialαdiversity,βdiversity,species composition structure,species and functional abundance of the two groups of neonatal sputum samples were compared.Results Dilution curves and species accumulation curves showed that the sequencing depth of this study was reasonable and the sample size was comprehensive enough.αdiversity analysis results showed that the Shannon index and Simpson index in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=2.804,2.512,P=0.006,0.014).The Bray-Curtis distance between the two groups increased significantly compared with that within the group(R=0.581,P=0.024).The results of PCoA analysis showed that the bacterial flora of sputum samples from the two groups showed significant separation(F=2.985,P=0.017).At the genus level,the abundance of Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,and Lachnospirosis in neonatal sputum samples in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium,Veillonella,Shigella,Escherichia coli,and Streptococcus were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).At the species level,the abundance of Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Staphylococcus aureus in sputum samples in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Functio

关 键 词：新生儿 呼吸道感染 痰标本 菌群结构 丰度 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]