国外典型多星堆叠与分离技术分析  

Analysis of Foreign Representative Technologies for Multi-satellite Stacking and Separation

作　　者：王琦[1] 刘江[2] 黄学卫 韩建斌[2] WANG Qi;LIU Jiang;HUANG Xuewei;HAN Jianbin(Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;DFH Satellite Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [2]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2025年第2期19-24,共6页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：围绕国外大型低轨卫星星座一箭多星发射的卫星堆叠与分离技术,选取“星链”、扩散型作战部门太空架构(PWSA)的主要卫星研制商作为典型代表,以专利文献为依据,对太空探索技术公司、麦克萨技术公司及火箭实验室公司的多星堆叠与分离技术进行研究。具体研究分析了太空探索技术公司卫星堆叠集中压紧与释放、麦克萨技术公司卫星中心侧挂与分层堆叠结合以及火箭实验室公司航天器耦合串行堆叠3种技术方案及其主要特点,比对分析了3种技术方案在不同发射需求和约束下的应用优势,最后对我国大型低轨卫星星座给出了多星堆叠与分离技术关注方向、星箭接口协同设计方式以及复杂系统迭代创新模式等方面的启示。Focusing on typical foreign satellite stacking and separation technologies used in large-scale Low Earth Orbit(LEO)satellite constellations launched via rideshare missions,this study selects major satellite manufacturers involved in representative systems such as SpaceX’s Starlink and the Proliferated Warfighting Space Architecture(PWSA).Based on patent literature,the research examines the multi-satellite stacking and separation technologies developed by SpaceX,Maxar Technologies,and Rocket Lab.Specifically,the study analyzes three technical approaches:SpaceX’s centralized clamping and release stacking method,Maxar’s combination of central side-mounting and layered stacking,and Rocket Lab’s spacecraft-coupled serial stacking design.The key characteristics of each approach are outlined,and their comparative advantages under different launch requirements and constraints are evaluated.Drawing from this analysis,the study offers insights for the development of multi-satellite stacking and separation technologies in China’s large-scale LEO satellite constellations,with recommendations on satellite-launch vehicle interface co-design and iterative innovation in complex systems.

关 键 词：一箭多星发射 卫星堆叠 卫星分离 

分 类 号：V421[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]