诗礼文化下沉与元杂剧流行的研究  

A Study on the Sinking of Poetic and Ritual Culture and the Popularity of Yuan Dynasty Drama

作　　者：曹烜毓 梁洁 Cao Xuanyu;Liang Jie(Tianhua College,Shanghai Normal University,Jiading 201615,Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学天华学院,上海嘉定201615

出　　处：《人文与社会科学学刊》2025年第3期91-97,共7页

摘　　要：音乐与诗歌伴随人类历史而来,是人类最本能的交流工具与抒情手段。这些自发的活动随着周公制礼作乐而发生质变,经过儒家的完整阐发进而形成一种深刻影响中国几千年的文化制度。这种制度的本质即在于通过潜移默化的“文化浸染”,产生自上而下的道德规范和价值引领。随着汉代“独尊儒术”的形成,礼乐制度作为治国理政正统思想的组成部分被统治阶级所确立,礼乐相合,内外相配,从而达到维护社会秩序和巩固国家统治的目的。自汉以降,礼乐制度在历朝历代延续不绝,成为中华文化一个非常重要的文化象征。元朝是中国历史上首个由少数民族建立的政权,基于本民族文化的影响,元朝统治者对中原礼乐进行了大刀阔斧的删改,使得传统汉族儒家的诗礼制度被破坏。但在民间,因为巨大的历史惯性,诗礼文化依然有着深厚的影响。因此,元朝社会在诗礼文化方面,出现了明显的上下分层现象。同时,因为自上而下的制度性的道德规范与价值引领的缺位,下层自发的礼乐活动便承担了本该由上层来推动的教化功能,这种转移从某种意义上来说可以视作礼乐文化的“下沉”。而成熟于元代的杂剧,因为其在民间道德宣教上承载的作用及其与诗、礼、乐的密切关系,既可以视做礼乐文化下沉的结果之一,亦可以视作这种下沉趋势的表现之一。可以说,元杂剧的繁荣及其产生的社会、历史的巨大影响力,离不开元代特殊的时代背景所造成的诗礼文化的下沉,以及中国渊源流传的诗礼乐传统的合力影响,这也是本文所着重关注的地方。诗礼文化下沉是一种文化现象,元杂剧的流行也是一种文化现象,二者统一于元代特殊的时代背景之下,相互关联且相互作用。探索二者的联系,有助于在一种全新的视角之下展开对这两种文化现象的观察及逻辑推导。Music and poetry have accompanied human history as the most instinctive means of communication and expression.These spontaneous activities changed qualitatively when the Duke of Zhou made rites and music,which were then fully elaborated by Confucianism to form a cultural system that has profoundly influenced China for thousands of years.The essence of this system was to produce top-down moral norms and value leadership through subtle“cultural immersion”.With the formation of the Han dynasty's“exclusive respect for Confucianism”,the Ritual and Music System was established by the ruling class as part of the orthodox ideology of governance,with ritual and music being compatible with each other and with internal and external affairs,thus achieving the goal of maintaining social order and consolidating state rule.Since the Han Dynasty,the Ritual and Music System has continued throughout the dynasties and has become a very important cultural symbol of Chinese culture.The Yuan dynasty was the first regime in Chinese history to be established by an ethnic minority.Based on the influence of their own culture,the rulers of the Yuan dynasty made drastic changes to the rituals and music of the Middle Kingdom,resulting in the destruction of the traditional Han Confucian system of poetry and rituals.However,among the people,the Poetic and Ritual Culture still had a deep influence because of the huge historical inertia.As a result,Yuan society was markedly stratified between top and bottom in terms of Poetic and Ritual Culture.At the same time,because of the absence of institutional moral norms and value leadership from the top down,the spontaneous ritual and music activities of the lower strata took on the edification function that should have been promoted by the upper strata,and this transfer can be seen in a sense as the“sinking”of Ritual and Music Culture.The Yuan Dynasty Drama that matured in the Yuan dynasty,because of the role they carried in the moral propaganda of the people and their close relationship wi

关 键 词：元杂剧 诗礼文化 下沉 原因 

分 类 号：I207.3[文学—中国文学]