基于生产力-敏感性分析的中西太平洋延绳钓渔业对海龟影响的风险评估  

Risk assessment of the impact of longline fisheries on sea turtles in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean based on productivity-susceptibility analysis

作　　者：秦智榛 石一茜 戴小杰[1,3,4] 吴峰 QIN Zhizhen;SHI Yiqian;DAI iaojie;WU Feng(College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory,Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya Hainan 572000,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Eaploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Erploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海201306 [2]中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所,海洋哺乳动物与海洋生物声学研究室,海南三亚572000 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2025年第2期234-242,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：太平洋长鳍金枪鱼探捕(CTZB2023080465)。

摘　　要：中西部太平洋海龟种群数量因金枪鱼渔业兼捕而快速下降的状况受到广泛关注。由于渔业统计资料匮乏,难以运用标准的资源评估方法对兼捕种类进行评估。根据中西太平洋渔业委员会(WCPFC)2013—2022年统计数据,运用生产力-敏感性分析(productivity-susceptibility analysis,PSA)方法,对中西太平洋的海龟种群遭受金枪鱼延绳钓渔业影响的风险程度进行比较分析。结果表明,中西太平洋6种海龟皆处于中风险或高风险状态,风险值从低到高依次为:平背龟(Natator depressus)2.93、玳瑁(Eretmochelys imbricata)3.04、太平洋丽龟(Lepidochelys olivacea)3.07、绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)3.35、蠵龟(Caretta caretta)3.49、棱皮龟(Dermochelys coriacea)3.62。其中,棱皮龟种群受延绳钓渔业影响而遭受过度捕捞的潜在风险最高,平背龟的风险最低。灵敏度分析结果表明,平均最大体长(average maximum size)、渔具相遇率(encounterability)、捕捞选择性(selectivity)及捕获后死亡率(post-capture mortality)4个属性是海龟物种PSA风险值差异的主要来源,敏感性指数对海龟物种遭受风险的影响更大。研究结果可为中西太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业的管理和海龟资源养护提供科学参考。The rapid decline in the size of sea turtle populations as a result of bycatch in tuna fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean is of great concern to the international community.The lack of fishery data makes it difficult to apply standardized resource assessment methods to bycatch species.Ecological risk assessment(ERA)for the effects of fishing on data-limited species has been widely used since this century.The theoretical framework of this paper is the hierarchical evaluation approach of ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing(ERAEF),which is divided into three phases:qualitative,semi-quantitative,and quantitative evaluation,with productivity-susceptibility analysis(PSA)being the main method of semi-quantitative evaluation.In this paper,based on the 2013-2022 statistical data on the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission(WCPFC)website,PSA method was applied to conduct a comparative analysis of the risk level to sea turtle populations from the impacts of longline fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean.Seven productivity attributes(average age at sexual maturity,average maximum age,average size at sexual maturity,average maximum size,female fecundity,trophic level,and reproductive strategy)and four susceptibility attributes(availability,encounterability,selectivity,and post-capture mortality)were used to determine species vulnerability.The results showed that all six sea turtle populations in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean were at medium or high risk,the risk values from the lowest to the highest ranked as Natator depressus 2.93,Eretmochelys imbricata 3.04,Lepidochelys olivacea 3.07,Chelonia mydas 3.35,Caretta caretta 3.49,and Dermochelys coriacea 3.62,suggesting that D.coriacea population was at the highest potential risk of overfishing due to the impacts of longline fisheries,and that N.depressus was at the lowest risk.The results of sensitivity analysis showed that four attributes:average maximum size,encounterability,selectivity and post-capture mortality

关 键 词：海龟 PSA 延绳钓 中西太平洋 兼捕 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]