南极磷虾渔业兼捕鱼类组成及其分布特征  

Composition and distribution characteristics of bycatch fish in Antarctic krill fishery

作　　者：王紫一 赵国庆 黄洪亮[2] 张港琛 李帅 李灵智[2] 杨嘉樑[2] WANG Ziyi;ZHAO Guoqing;HUANG Hongliang;ZHANG Gangchen;LI Shuai;LI Lingzhi;YANG Jialiang(Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2025年第2期253-262,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“南极磷虾渔场动态速报与渔业生态风险减缓技术”重点专项(2022YFC2807504)。

摘　　要：为深入了解南极磷虾渔业兼捕渔获情况,根据我国2019—2022年南极磷虾捕捞渔船的捕捞数据,采用相对重要性指数(IRI)、资源密度和月间兼捕渔获平均中心深度,探讨了南极半岛北部海域(南极海域48.1、48.2和48.3亚区)磷虾渔业兼捕鱼类的时空分布情况。结果表明:2019—2022年间,兼捕主要发生在1—8月,共出现17种兼捕鱼类,其中优势种1种,常见种3种。不同兼捕鱼类在48区各亚区内具有明显的空间分布特征且资源密度也有较大差异,48.1亚区兼捕鱼类的单位网次渔获量为1.12 kg·网^(-1),其主要兼捕品种为眼斑雪冰鱼(Chionodraco rastrospinosus)以及一种南极鱼科(Nototheniidae)鱼类,主要分布于布兰斯菲尔德海峡以及德雷克海峡;48.2亚区兼捕鱼类的单位网次渔获量为19.45 kg·网^(-1),其主要的兼捕品种为裘氏鳄头冰鱼(Champsocephalus gunnari),主要分布于南奥克尼群岛西北部以及南乔治亚岛东部海域;48.3亚区兼捕鱼类的单位网次渔获量为6.23 kg·网^(-1),其主要兼捕品种为拉氏雅南极鱼(Nototheniops larseni),主要分布于南乔治亚岛,在布兰斯菲尔德海峡附近也有出现。各亚区年间兼捕种类变化具有显著性差异,但优势种变化不大。1—3月作业区域集中于48.2亚区,兼捕鱼类出现的主要深度处于45~60 m,月间中心深度变化较小;3—6月作业区域集中于48.1亚区,兼捕鱼类出现的中心深度逐渐增加至100m以深;6—8月主要作业区域集中在48.3亚区,同时在48.2亚区也有部分捕捞活动,两区域中兼捕鱼类出现的平均深度均在6月份达到最大:其中,48.2亚区的平均深度为220.1 m,48.3亚区的平均深度为97 m。兼捕鱼出现的中心深度随水深变动而变化,平均水深达到400 m时兼捕鱼中心深度最大,为127.2 m。研究结果可为南极48渔区海域渔业资源的保护提供科学依据。In order to gain a deeper understanding of the bycatch situation of Antarctic krill fishery,based on the fishing data of Antarctic krill fishing vessels of China from 2019 to 2022,the relative importance index(IRI),resource density,and monthly average cluster center depth of bycatch were used to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of bycatch fish in the northern Antarctic Peninsula(48.1,48.2,and 48.3 subregions of the Antarctic waters).The results showed that from 2019 to 2022,bycatch mainly occurred from January to August,with a total of 17 species,including 1 dominant species and 3 common species.Different bycatch fishes have obvious spatial distribution characteristics and significant differences in resource density within each subregion of region 48.The catch per net value of bycatch in subregion 48.1 was 1.12 kg·net^(-1),and the main bycatch species were Chionodraco rostrospinosus and Notothenidae sp.,mainly distributed in the Bransfield Strait and Drake Passage;the catch per net value of bycatch in subregion 48.2 was 19.45 kg·net^(-1),and the main bycatch species was Champocephalus gunnari,mainly distributed in the northwest of the South Orkney Islands and the eastern waters of the South Georgia Island;the catch per net value of bycatch in subregion 48.3 was 6.23 kg·net^(-1),and the main bycatch species was Nototheniops larseni,mainly distributed around the South Georgia Island and the Bransfield Strait.There were significant differences in the variation of bycatch species among different subregions,but the dominant species did not change much.The work area from January to March was concentrated in subregion 48.2,and the main depth of fish caught during the period was between 45 m and 60 m,with little variation in the center depth;from March to June,the work area was concentrated in subregion 48.1,and the center depth of bycatch gradually increased to over 100 m;the main operating areas from June to August were concentrated in subregion 48.3,while there were also some fishing activities in subregion

关 键 词：兼捕鱼类 相对重要性指数 时空分布 年际变动 南极48渔区 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]