超疏水涂层应用研究进展  

Research Progress in Applications of Superhydrophobic Coatings

作　　者：丁晓杰 梁秋鸿 陈杜刚 DING Xiao-jie;LIANG Qiu-hong;CHEN Du-gang(School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;Jiangxi Chenguang New Material Co.,Ltd.,Jiujiang 332500,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学化工与制药学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]江西晨光新材料股份有限公司,江西九江332500

出　　处：《化学试剂》2025年第5期9-20,共12页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2024EIA057)。

摘　　要：超疏水涂层,即水的接触角(WCA)>150°,并且滑动角(SA)或者是接触角滞后(CAH)<10°的固体表面,凭借其独特的浸润性有望在航空航天、海洋工程、电子工程和新能源等先进工业领域实现规模化应用。然而,其高度依赖的低表面自由能和微纳米级粗糙结构极易受到机械磨损,且难以耐受强紫外线辐射和化学腐蚀等环境因素的考验,导致其耐久性成为制约工业化应用的瓶颈。针对这一问题,重点关注有潜力大规模应用的喷涂法制备超疏水涂层,从超疏水的理论基础出发,详细介绍了涂层在防污与自清洁、防冰与除冰、油水分离、防雾和防腐等领域的应用现状,随后,聚焦于提升超疏水涂层耐用性这一关键问题,从赋予材料自修复能力、构建多层级微纳米结构、引入保护性结构、增强树脂交联密度以及添加层状或刚性材料等5个角度,系统总结和归纳了近年来本领域的研究进展。最后,还对超疏水涂层商业化进程的阻碍和未来的研究方向分别进行了分析和展望。旨在为超疏水涂层技术的进一步发展和最终工业化应用提供参考。Superhydrophobic coatings characterized by a water contact angle(WCA)>150°and a sliding angle(SA)or contact angle hysteresis(CAH)<10°,hold promise for large-scale applications in advanced industrial fields such as aerospace,marine engineering,electronic engineering,and new energy due to their unique wettability.However,their strong reliance on low surface free energy and micro-nano scale roughness makes them highly susceptible to mechanical wear and difficult to withstand environmental factors such as strong ultraviolet radiation and chemical corrosion,leading to durability issues.Addressing this problem,this review focuses on the potential of spray methods for large-scale production of superhydrophobic coatings.Starting from the theoretical basis of superhydrophobicity,it detailed the current applications of these coatings in areas such as anti-fouling and self-cleaning,anti-icing and de-icing,oil-water separation,anti-fogging,and corrosion prevention.Subsequently,concentrating on the critical issue of enhancing the durability of superhydrophobic coatings,it systematically summarized and categorized recent research progress in the field from five perspectives,including endowing materials with self-healing capabilities,constructing multi-level hierarchical micro-nano structures,introducing protective structures,enhancing cross-linking density,and adding layered or rigid materials.Additionally,it analyzed and forecast the obstacles to the commercialization of superhydrophobic coatings and future research directions.This review aims to provide a reference for the further development and eventual industrial application of superhydrophobic coating technology.

关 键 词：超疏水 机械强度 耐久性 自修复 微纳结构 

分 类 号：O647.11[理学—物理化学]