金属纳米团簇的电化学发光及其生物传感应用研究进展  

Advances in Electrochemiluminescence of Metal Nanoclusters and Their Biosensing Applications

作　　者：刘浩然 孙誉铢 张立兵 张瑞中 LIU Hao-ran;SUN Yu-zhu;ZHANG Li-bing;ZHANG Rui-zhong(Department of Chemistry,School of Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学理学院化学系,天津300350

出　　处：《化学试剂》2025年第5期125-136,共12页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(22474085,22474088)。

摘　　要：电化学发光(ECL)作为一种高灵敏度的分析技术,具有背景信号低、灵敏度高、反应时空可控性好的优点,已广泛应用于化学分析、生物传感和显微成像等领域。近年来,随着纳米科学技术的快速发展,金属纳米团簇(NCs)作为一种新型纳米发光材料,凭借其独特的物理化学性质,在ECL应用中展现出显著优势。金属纳米团簇通常由几个到几百个金属原子组成,其尺寸介于单个原子与纳米颗粒之间(通常小于3 nm),并具有可精确调控的结构和组成、显著的量子限域效应等特点。这些特性赋予其可调控的电子结构、优异的发光性质和良好的稳定性,为高性能ECL传感器开发提供了新的机遇。聚焦近五年金属纳米团簇在ECL领域的研究进展,系统总结了ECL活性金属纳米团簇的特性、ECL性能调控策略及其在生物传感中的应用。最后,展望了金属纳米团簇电化学发光的未来发展方向,强调精准调控金属纳米团簇结构、探索新型金属纳米团簇,并结合新兴材料与技术,开发更智能、高效的电化学发光传感器。Electrochemiluminescence(ECL),as a highly sensitive analytical technique,offers advantages such as low background signal,high sensitivity,and excellent spatiotemporal controllability.It has been widely applied in chemical analysis,biosensing,and microscopic imaging.In recent years,with the rapid advancement of nanoscience and technology,metal nanoclusters(NCs)have emerged as a novel class of luminescent nanomaterials.Due to their unique physicochemical properties,they exhibit significant advantages in ECL applications.Metal nanoclusters typically consist of a few to several hundred metal atoms,with sizes ranging between single atoms and nanoparticles(generally less than 3 nm).They possess precisely tunable structures and compositions,as well as prominent quantum confinement effects.These characteristics endow them with tunable electronic structures,excellent luminescent properties,and high stability,providing new opportunities for the development of high-performance ECL sensors.This review focused on the research progress of metal nanoclusters in the ECL field over the past five years,systematically summarizing the characteristics of ECL-active metal nanoclusters,ECL performance modulation strategies,and their applications in biosensing.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of metal nanocluster-based ECL,emphasizing the precise regulation of their structures,the exploration of novel metal nanoclusters,and the integration of emerging materials and technologies to develop more intelligent and efficient ECL sensors.

关 键 词：金属纳米团簇 电化学发光 配体工程 价态工程 共反应促进剂 聚集诱导发射 限域诱导增强 生物传感 

分 类 号：O64[理学—物理化学]