试论殷墟甲骨文中的称谓“亚”  

On ‘Ya(亚)’ as a Clan Title in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of the Yin Ruins

作　　者：左勇 王梦薇 Zuo Yong;Wang Mengwei

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2025年第4期38-48,156,共12页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“殷墟甲骨文人名资料的整理与研究”(项目编号:24CZS001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：殷墟甲骨文中的称谓“亚”不仅不限于商王室使用,且兼含女性,在王卜辞中部分“亚某”能祭祀商王,商王亦可祭祀部分“亚某”。称谓“亚”可与马、小臣、史、射与侯、田、任等职官名或诸侯名兼称、连称、并称,表现出职事不定、等级不清的特点。基于此,作者推测“亚”应该不是某种政治名号,而当为宗族称谓,是次级宗族成员的身份标识。在商代“家国同构”的政治结构下,作为王室小宗的“亚某”频频受到商王的指派与任命,称谓“亚”被逐渐赋予政治属性,至西周时发展成为职官名。The title of ‘Ya(亚)’ in oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Ruins is not exclusive to the Shang royal family, it also refers to women as well. As is recorded in the royal divination, some ‘Ya-mou(亚某)’ are entitled to offering sacrifices to the King of the Shang, while the Kings of Shang may do the same to them. ‘Ya(亚)’ is combined, linked, paired with the official titles such as Ma(马), Xiaochen(小臣), Shi(史), She(射), Hou(侯), Tian(田), and Ren(任), or the feudal lords' names, meaning undefined duties and unclear hierarchical status. What analyzed above suggests that ‘Ya(亚)’ works as a clan title instead of a political title, it refers to the junior-clan membership. In the political context of ‘the clan and nation with the same structure’ under the Shang Dynasty, the members of ‘Ya-mou(亚某)’ as the sub-branch of the royal lineage are frequently assigned and appointed officially by the King of the Shang, which makes the clan title of ‘Ya(亚)’ political in nature, and later listed among the titles of official ranks by the Western-Zhou period.

关 键 词：殷墟甲骨文 亚 宗法制 官僚制 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]