明清官式建筑彩画按原状修复理念与技艺探讨——以故宫明清官式建筑四块彩画绘制样板为例  

The Idea and Crafts Working in the Restoration of the Ming-Qing Imperial Architectural Polychrome Decoration into Status Quo Ante: with the Cases Analysis of the Forbidden City's Architectural Painted Patterns

作　　者：杨红[1] 蒋雨彤 李路珂[2] Yang Hong;Jiang Yutong;Li Luke

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院古建部 [2]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2025年第4期61-86,157,158,共28页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：2020年国家重点研发计划科技部“十三五”项目“明清官式建筑营造技艺科学认知与本体保护关键技术研究与示范”课题之一“明清官式建筑营造技艺功效性评估方法研究”(项目编号:2020YFC1522401)的研究成果;故宫博物院2025年“英才计划”;北京故宫文物保护基金会学术故宫万科公益基金会的专项经费资助。

摘　　要：明清官式建筑彩画的保护与修复长期以来是文物保护领域的重要课题。按“原状修复”彩画的工艺、材料、纹饰与色彩,是修缮工程中的关键工作内容。本文选取故宫南薰殿金线石碾玉点金青绿彩画、午门宝珠吉祥草彩画、永寿宫龙凤方心西番莲灵芝找头和玺彩画、文渊阁硬包袱式金线苏画四个典型案例,通过影像记录、史料梳理、科学分析等方式,确定其工艺与材料标准,并与彩画工艺传承人合作完成复原绘制实验。本项研究不仅总结归纳出传统工艺在当代文物修复中的应用价值,还提出了将实物修复与理论研究深度结合的新范式。The preservation and restoration of the polychrome decorations on the officialstyled buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties is always taken as a key subject in the field of cultural heritage protection, above all, the restoration of patterns, craftsmanship, materials and colors into status quo ante takes the priority. With the painted patterns as the typical samples selected from the Nanxun Hall, the Meridian Gate, the Yongshou Palace and the Wenyuange Palace as well, the thesis with the documented images, historical files and scientific tests intends to make the process and materials standardized by experimental tests together with the inheritor craftsman. This project demonstrates the innovative modes combining the objects and theory in restoration as well as the positive role of the traditional craft playing in cultural heritages protection and restoration in modern times.

关 键 词：明清建筑彩画 按原状复原 彩画小样 颜料 色彩 保护理念 

分 类 号：K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]