基于离散元的螺杆式侧深施肥装置充肥管优化设计与试验  

Optimization Design and Experiment of Fertilizer Charging Pipe of the Screwtype Deep Side Fertilization Device Based on the Discrete Element Method

作　　者：刘大为[1] 郑鹏 刘敏章 李旭[1] 谢方平[1,2] 宋思明 LIU Dawei;ZHENG Peng;LIU Minzhang;LI Xu;XIE Fangping;SONG Siming(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment,Changsha Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Longzhou Agricultural Machinery,Yueyang Hunan 414400,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]智能农机装备湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南龙舟农机股份有限公司,湖南岳阳414400

出　　处：《长沙大学学报》2025年第2期8-17,47,共11页Journal of Changsha University

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目“水稻机插秧同步智能侧深施肥精量排肥关键技术及装置研究”(2021NK2022)。

摘　　要：针对螺杆式侧深施肥装置在作业过程中,因充肥管道悬垂结构不同所导致的排肥均匀性、稳定性不佳等问题,分析了排肥过程中充肥管的基本形态,建立了悬垂管路的曲线方程;基于最速降线理论,研究了库仑摩擦力作用下肥料颗粒沿管壁的运动情况,明确了影响颗粒运动的关键因素及最优曲率。为验证充肥管布置形态对肥料颗粒运动及排肥效果的影响,定义了充肥管悬垂角度,建立了仿真模型,其离散元仿真结果表明充肥管悬垂角度对排肥均匀性影响显著(P<0.05),悬垂角度越大,排肥管中颗粒运动速度变化差值越大,肥料填充率越低,充肥管供肥滞后越明显。通过搭建试验台架,研究了螺杆垂直排肥条件下充肥管在不同悬垂角度及螺杆转速下的排肥特性。以螺杆转速、充肥管悬垂角度为试验因素,以排肥量稳定性变异系数与质量流率为评价指标进行双因素试验,结果表明,充肥管悬垂角度和螺杆转速对排肥性能影响显著(P<0.05),当螺杆转速为140 r/min、悬垂角度为30°时,装置排肥均匀性最佳;在转速为140~180 r/min,悬垂角度为30°~45°时,装置的施肥稳定性趋于最佳,其结果与最速降线分析模型相符。所获研究结果可为螺旋杆式施肥装置充肥管道布置与机具性能优化提供参考。To address the problems of poor uniformity and stability of fertilizer discharge caused by different layout positions of fertilizer charging pipes during the operation of the screw-type side deep fertilization device,the basic form of the fertilizer charging pipe during fertilizer discharge is analyzed,and the curve equation of the overhanging pipeline is established.Based on the theory of fastest descending line,the movement of fertilizer particles along the pipe wall under Coulomb friction is analyzed,and the key factors affecting the movement of fertilizer particles in the fertilizer charging pipe are discussed.To verify the influence of layout form in the fertilizer charging pipe on the movement of fertilizer particles and fertilizer discharge effect,the overhanging angle of the fertilizer charging pipe is defined,and a simulation model is established.The simulation results show that the overhanging angle of the fertilizer charging pipe has a significant impact on the uniformity of fertilizer discharge.The larger the overhanging angle,the greater the difference in particle movement speed in the fertilizer discharge pipe,the lower the fertilizer filling rate,and the more obvious the lag of fertilizer supply from the fertilizer charging pipe.Through building a test platform,the fertilizer discharge characteristics of charging pipe at different installation positions and screw speeds under the condition of vertical fertilizer discharge of the screw are studied.Taking the screw speed and the overhanging angle of the fertilizer charging pipe as test factors,and the coefficient of variation of fertilizer discharge stability and mass flow rate as evaluation indexes for a two-factor experiment,the results show that the overhanging angle of the fertilizer charging pipe and the screw speed have a significant impact on the fertilizer discharge performance.When the overhanging angle is 30°and the screw speed is 140 r/min,the device has the best fertilizer discharge uniformity.When the speed is 140~180 r/min and the over

关 键 词：侧深施肥装置 充肥管 悬垂角度 离散元法 排肥性能 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]