迈向公私法融合的个人信息出境标准合同  

Standard Contract for the Outbound Transfer of Personal Information from the Perspective of Integration of Public and Private Law

作　　者：魏光禧 WEI Guang-xi(School of International Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120;CINSSG of Chongqing Police College,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学国际法学院,重庆401120 [2]重庆警察学院重庆国家安全与社会治理研究院,重庆401331

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第7期108-124,共17页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“预测性警务的实践逻辑、运行机理与权利保障研究”(22BFX066);教育部重大攻关项目“我国海外利益保护法律体系构建研究”(22JZD015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《个人信息保护法》第38条引入的个人信息出境标准合同是跨境数据流动的重要规制工具。它形式上是合同,但内容上由国家预先设定并强制纳入公法义务,既约束数据进出口双方,又保护第三方受益人,兼具私法自治与公法规制的属性。因此,学界不应过度纠结公法亦或私法的优越性,而应从系统论法学的角度对个人信息出境标准合同进行制度设计。首先,应当具有自我参照和封闭性,以严格的相关性标准对争议事实进行法律观察,与公法规制进行沟通而又不使自身被公法义务掏空。其次,必须在系统内部拥有足够的与数字社会相匹配的复杂性,在数据分级分类框架下,明确不同的受益人权利和违约损害赔偿范围。最后,通过“结构耦合”机制建立“共振”关系,根据契约自由、数据安全主权、合同无效必要性等要素来判定合同效力。The standard contract for the outbound transfer of personal information introduced in Article 38 of the Personal Information Protection Law of China is an important regulatory tool for cross-border data flow.It is a contract in form,but in content,it is pre-set by the state and compulsorily incorporated into public law obligations,which not only restricts both data importers and exporters,but also protects third-party beneficiaries,and has the attributes of private law autonomy and public law regulation.Therefore,the academic community should not dwell too much on the advantages of public law or private law,but should design the system of standard contracts for personal information exit from the perspective of system theory of law.First of all,it should be self-referenced and closed,legally observe the disputed facts with strict relevance standards,communicate with public law regulations without being hollowed out by public law obligations.Secondly,there must be sufficient complexity within the system to match the digital society,and under the framework of hierarchical classification of data,the rights of different beneficiaries and the scope of damages for breach of contract must be clearly defined.Finally,a“resonance”relationship is established through the“structural coupling”mechanism,and the validity of the contract is determined by the satisfaction of such factors as freedom of contract,sovereignty over data security,necessity of invalidity of the contract and their cooperative relationship.

关 键 词：系统论法学 数据出境 标准合同 公法 私法 

分 类 号：DF99[政治法律—国际法学]