《反不正当竞争法》中的“商业数据条款”立法研究  

Research on the Legislation of“Commercial data clause”in Anti-Unfair Competition Law

作　　者：谭宇航 TAN Yu-hang(School of Law,Nanjing Normal Univerity,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第7期125-142,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“智能创作时代数据挖掘的版权豁免理论调试与制度构建”(23YJCZH109)研究性成果。

摘　　要：围绕商业数据的反不正当竞争法保护立法展开细致讨论。首先,在评价获取行为的正当性时,未经同意说对持有者权益保护过多;实质替代说立法周延性不足;行为危害性说标准不清晰。立法应发展实质替代说与行为危害说,形成足以造成实质损害说,围绕该标准,引入各类考量因素,做出类型化规定。其次,不正当获取将导致后续使用具有不正当性。即便使用者正当获取商业数据,持有者仍有权制止足以发生实质替代效果的后续使用,但假如正当获取具体表现为持有者向使用者“开放获取”,持有者的“使用权”将“用尽”,后续使用具有正当性。认定实质替代效果,可综合考量最终产品的基本结构、所涉数据的类型与方式、最终产品的功能效果等因素。最后,披露与使用的不正当认定规则基本一致,但对于深处理数据、数据产品,“开放获取”不导致“披露权”“用尽”。This paper discusses in detail the anti-unfair competition law protection legislation of commercial data.First,when evaluating the legitimacy of data acquisition behaviors,the“ack of consent”standard overprotects the holder's rights,the“substantial substitution”standard lacks legislative thoroughness,and the“harm of behavior”standard is ambiguous.Therefore,it should develop the“sbustantial substitution”standard and the“harm of behavior”standard into the“substantial harm”standard.Legislation can be built around this standard by introducing various considerations and categorizing regulations to specifically target acquisition behaviors that are evidently harmful.Second,Unjustified acquisition renders subsequent usage unjustifiable.Even if a user acquires commercial data legitimately,the holder retains the right to prevent subsequent usage that may result in substantial substitution.However,if legitimate acquisition is exemplified by the holder granting“open access”to the user,the holder's“right of use”would be“exhausted,”rendering the user's subsequent usagesare not unfair competition.When determining substantial substitution effects,factors such as the basic structure of the final product,the type and method of the involved data,and the functional effects of the final product may be considered comprehensively.Third,the rules for identifying unjustified disclosure and usage are fundamentally consistent;however,for deeply processed data and data products,“open access”does not lead to“disclosure rights”exhaustion.

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 商业数据 数据流通 数据不正当竞争 获取、使用、披露行为 

分 类 号：DF414[政治法律—经济法学]