美国政府科研诚信体系建设及发展现状研究  

Research of the Construction and Development Status of the U.S.Government’s Scientific Integrity System

作　　者：尚文涛 黄刚毅 SHANG Wentao;HUANG Gangyi(High Technology Research and Development Center,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100044;Polytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310015)

机构地区：[1]国家自然科学基金委员会高技术研究发展中心,北京100044 [2]浙江大学工程师学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2025年第2期1-9,共9页Global Science,Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：美国科研诚信体系经历了从无到有、从概念化到规范化、从制度化到制度体系的发展历程。通过总结美国奥巴马政府、特朗普政府、拜登政府的科研诚信政策与实践演变,分析不同政府时期的科研诚信导向。重点解析美国联邦科研诚信政策的工具箱,包括科研诚信的基本内涵、核心要求等主要内容,以及科研诚信政策实施与评估、美国科研诚信特色治理模式。美国的科研诚信政策兼顾科学性和法律性原则,形成了多层次的管理体系和政策落实机制,为中国科研诚信体系建设提供了重要借鉴。The U.S.scientific integrity system has come from zero to existence,from concepts to a standardized system,and from an institutional system to a comprehensive framework of multiple institutional systems.By summarizing the evolution of scientific integrity policies and practices under the Obama,Trump,and Biden administrations,this analysis examines the orientation of scientific integrity in different administrations from both policy and practice perspectives.It focuses on interpreting the U.S.federal scientific integrity policy toolbox,which includes the fundamental principles of scientific integrity,core requirements,policy implementation and evaluation,and the distinctive governance model of U.S.scientific integrity.The U.S.scientific integrity policy balances scientific and legal principles,establishing a multi-layered management system and policy implementation mechanism that offers valuable insights for building China’s scientific integrity system.

关 键 词：美国 科研诚信 政策工具 管理 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]