2020-2024年黄河三角洲海岸线时空变化分析  

Analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in the coastline of the Yellow River Delta from 2020 to 2024

作　　者：高浩亮 李德伟 李朋朋 李晓红 狄桂栓[2] GAO Haoliang;LI Dewei;LI Pengpeng;LI Xiaohong;DI Guishuan(School of Surveying and Geo-informatics,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China;Shandong Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping,Jinan 250102,China;Gaoqing County Bureau of Natural Resources,Zibo 256300,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院,济南250101 [2]山东省国土测绘院,济南250102 [3]高青县自然资源局,山东淄博256300

出　　处：《测绘工程》2025年第3期22-30,共9页Engineering of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42304001);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2021QD155)。

摘　　要：黄河三角洲是世界上海陆变迁最活跃的河口三角洲之一,研究其近期海岸线时空变化特征对区域环境保护、资源开发具有重要意义。文中利用Landsat影像,采取一般高潮线法提取了2020—2024年黄河三角洲海岸线动态演变特征,通过三种方法对比验证海岸线数据的提取精度。采用垂直断面法定量分析了海岸线时空变化特征。结果表明,黄河入海口段海岸线变化最为剧烈,整体淤进蚀退幅度达1.84 km,长度和分形维数增减交替迅速;刁口河河口段海岸线变化特征与黄河入海口段相似,但长度变化更强烈,其变化强度极差达14.43%;东营港及孤东油田岸段海岸线位置和形态基本稳定;莱州湾岸段海岸线呈现缓慢蚀退趋势,长度和分形维数变化较小。研究区8处海岸线变化频繁且靠近人工设施的典型区域,其中7处海岸线平均位置距防护堤坝不足3 km,5处海岸线最内侧已与堤坝相连。研究结果对黄河三角洲岸线综合治理具有参考价值。The Yellow River Delta is one of the most active estuarine deltas in the world in terms of sea and land changes.The study of its recent spatial and temporal characteristics of the coastline is of great significance to regional environmental protection and resource development.Based on Landsat remote sensing images,this paper extracts the dynamic evolution characteristics of coastline of the Yellow River Delta from 2020 to 2024 using the general high tide line method,and the accuracy of the coastline extraction is verified by comparison through three methods.The spatial and temporal characteristics of the coastline were quantitatively analyzed using vertical section method.The results show that the coastline of the Yellow River estuary has the most drastic change.The overall siltation and erosion amplitude is 1.84 km.The length and fractal dimension increase and decrease alternately rapidly.The characteristics of the coastline in Diaokou River estuary is similar to that in the Yellow River estuary.However,the length change is more intense,and the intensity of the change varies up to 14.43%.The coastline of Dongying Harbor and the Gudong Oilfield is basically stable in terms of its location and morphology.The coastline of Laizhou Bay shows a slow erosion trend,with small changes in length and fractal dimension.There are eight typical areas in the study area where the coastline changes frequently and is close to man-made facilities.Here seven coastlines are less than 3 km away from the protection dykes on average,and five coastlines are connected to the dykes at the innermost part of the coastline.The results of the study have reference value for the comprehensive management of the shoreline in the Yellow River Delta.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 海岸线变化 一般高潮线法 海岸线长度 分形维数 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]