沉浸式戏剧的艺术权力位移及价值反思  

Artistic Power Shift and Value Reflection of Immersive Theater

作　　者：胡鹏林 HU Penglin(Institute for Cultural Industries,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学文化产业研究院,深圳518060

出　　处：《同济大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期61-69,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“巴尔巴戏剧人类学思想及其当代意义研究”(21YJC760039);深圳市哲学社会科学规划重点项目“深圳建设全球区域文化中心城市研究”(SZ2019A005)。

摘　　要：沉浸式戏剧延续了戏剧史上从文本到表演,再从表演到观看的艺术权力位移过程。其中,艺术权力是指编剧、导演、演员、观众、舞台设计者、戏剧投资者、政府管理者等艺术参与者的话语权和决定权。从20世纪80年代肇始的先锋戏剧或实验戏剧到21世纪初期以来的大型实景戏剧,再到2016年以来的新型沉浸式戏剧,不同阶段蕴含着不同的导演、观演关系,即导演与演员及排演与表演、观众与演员及观看与表演的关系。沉浸式戏剧的观演关系可以分为座位式观演、行走式观演、互动式观演、参演式观演四种类型,在不同的观演关系中又蕴含着不同的艺术权力位移格局。沉浸式戏剧在艺术的属性、内容、结构、精神、思想等方面过度商业化、物质化、碎片化、感官化、新奇化,削弱了艺术价值,其深层原因主要是艺术光晕的消失、文化消费的滥觞、文化资本的介入。沉浸式戏剧越来越远离传统艺术,观众直接参与、共享艺术权力,削弱了剧本创作者、导演、演员等群体的艺术权力,艺术权力从共享过渡到了新的聚集,聚集到观众身上,观众如何使用艺术权力成为新的焦点。Immersive theater continues the process of artistic power shift in the history of theater:from text to performance,and then from performance to watch.Artistic power refers to the discourse and decision-making power of artistic participants such as screenwriters,directors,actors,audiences,stage designers,theater investors,and government managers.Starting from the avant-garde or experimental theater that emerged in the 1980s,proceeding to the large-scale live-action theater since the early 21st century,and then to the new type immersive theater since 2016,different phases have embodied distinct relationships within the theatrical context.These include the relationships between directing and acting,as well as between audience and performance,that is,relationships between directors and actors,rehearsal and performance,as well as between audiences and actors,and viewing and performance.The relationship between watching and performance in immersive theater can be divided into four types:seated viewing,walking viewing,interactive viewing,and participating viewing.Each of these models reflects different configurations of artistic power shifts.Immersive theater,in terms of its artistic attributes,content,structure,spirit,and ideas,has become overly commercialized,materialistic,fragmented,sensory-driven,and novelty-focused,weakening its artistic value.The underlying reasons are mainly the disappearance of artistic aura,the overrun of cultural consumption,and the intervention of cultural capital.Immersive theater is moving further away from traditional art,with audiences directly participating and sharing artistic power,weakening the artistic power of groups such as scriptwriters,directors,and actors.Artistic power has transitioned from sharing to a new form of gathering which centered on the audience.Therefore,the way the audience uses art power has become a new focus.

关 键 词：沉浸式戏剧 艺术权力位移 共享 聚集 艺术价值 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]