不同生育期亏缺灌溉对蒙古黄芪光合特性、产量与品质的影响  

Effects of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus

作　　者：李艳翠[1] 李福强 周波 LI Yancui;LI Fuqiang;ZHOU Bo(Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy,Lanzhou 730030,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利科学研究院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2025年第4期779-789,共11页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划(21YF5NA014);甘肃农业大学科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2022-19)。

摘　　要：为探究不同生育期亏缺灌溉对膜下滴灌蒙古黄芪光合特性、水生产力和药用品质的影响,分别在苗期、现蕾开花期、根茎伸长期和根茎增粗期设置轻度(65%~75%田间持水量)和中度(55%~65%田间持水量)的水分亏缺处理,以全生育期充分灌溉(75%~85%田间持水量)作为对照(CK),在河西绿洲冷凉灌区开展大田试验。结果表明,与CK相比,不同生育期水分亏缺均会显著(P<0.05)降低同期蒙古黄芪叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度。与CK相比,在苗期和现蕾开花期进行轻度水分亏缺处理的产量并无显著差异,但水分利用效率分别显著增加13.98%和12.99%;在根茎伸长期和根茎增粗期进行轻度水分亏缺处理的黄芪甲苷含量分别显著提高4.05%和3.57%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量分别显著提高9.53%和10.20%,但二者的产量分别显著降低8.79%和13.99%。综合评价结果显示,在苗期进行轻度水分亏缺的处理可推荐作为河西绿洲灌区蒙古黄芪适宜的亏缺灌溉策略。In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation at different growth stages on photosynthetic characteristics,water productivity and medicinal quality of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus under film drip irrigation,a field experiment was carried out in the cold irrigation district of Hexi Oasis of China.Mild(65%-75%of the field capacity)and moderate(55%-65%of the field capacity)water deficit were applied at seedling,budding and flowering,root elongation and root thickening stages,respectively,and full irrigation(75%-85%of the field capacity)during the whole growth stage was used as the control(CK).The results showed that compared to the CK,water deficit at different growth stages significantly(P<0.05)reduced the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance in leaves of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus.The yield under mild water deficit treatments at seedling or budding and flowering stages was not significantly different from that under CK,but the water use efficiency increased significantly by 13.98%and 12.99%,respectively.Compared to the CK,mild water deficit treatments at root elongation and root thickening stages significantly increased astragaloside content by 4.05%and 3.57%,respectively,and calycosin-7-glucoside content by 9.53%and 10.20%,respectively,but the yield under the two treatments was significantly decreased by 8.79%and 13.99%,respectively.The comprehensive evaluation result showed that the mild water deficit treatment at seedling stage could be recommended as an appropriate deficit irrigation strategy for A.membranaceus var.mongholicus production in Hexi Oasis irrigation area.

关 键 词：水分亏缺 光合特性 产量 品质 综合评价 蒙古黄芪 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]