无机调理剂配施有机肥治理酸化土壤的长效性研究  

Long-term effects of inorganic conditioner combined with organic manure in ameliorating acidified soil

作　　者：黄鹏武 吴倩倩 赵丽芳 邵德忠 吴鲁洁 赵觅漾 田雨 卢升高[3] HUANG Pengwu;WU Qianqian;ZHAO Lifang;SHAO Dezhong;WU Lujie;ZHAO Miyang;TIAN Yu;LU Shenggao(Yueqing Agriculture and Rural Development Center,Yueqing 325612,Zhejiang,China;Comprehensive Service Center of Liushi Town,Yueqing City,Yueqing 325604,Zhejiang,China;College of Environmental&Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]乐清市农业农村发展中心,浙江乐清325612 [2]乐清市柳市镇综合事业服务中心,浙江乐清325604 [3]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2025年第4期858-868,共11页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：农业农村部退化耕地治理示范县项目。

摘　　要：施入无机碱性材料是改良酸化土壤的常用手段,然而各材料的长期改良效果尚不明确。为此,特设置不施改良剂的对照和施用1875 kg·hm^(-2)石灰或硅钙钾镁肥或牡蛎壳的处理,开展无机调理剂配施有机肥改良酸化土壤的3 a田间试验。结果表明:施入调理剂3 a后,相较于对照,施用硅钙钾镁肥和牡蛎壳的处理显著(P<0.05)提升了土壤pH值,分别较对照增高0.41和0.20。施入调理剂的3个处理均较对照显著降低了土壤中的交换性酸总量。然而,施用石灰处理的土壤在第3年出现了复酸化现象,而施用硅钙钾镁肥的处理未出现复酸化现象,在改良土壤酸度方面表现出长效性。与对照相比,施用硅钙钾镁肥的处理显著增加了土壤交换性钙离子含量,施用石灰的处理显著增加土壤交换性镁离子含量,施用牡蛎壳的处理显著增加土壤交换性钾离子含量。施用调理剂的处理中,仅施用牡蛎壳的处理较对照显著降低土壤容重,提升土壤孔隙率。施用硅钙钾镁肥的处理较对照显著提升了土壤细菌的香农指数,而施用石灰或牡蛎壳的处理显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳含量。此外,施用石灰或硅钙钾镁肥的处理还较对照显著提高了土壤蛋白酶的活性。供试的3种土壤调理剂相比,硅钙钾镁肥在阻控土壤酸化、提升土壤养分和微生物活性方面的表现最佳,牡蛎壳在改善土壤物理性质方面表现较佳。The application of inorganic alkaline conditioners is a commonly used method for soil acidification amelioration,but the long-term improvement effects of these conditioners were not clear yet.Thus,a three-year field experiment was carried out by application of inorganic conditioners in combination with organic manure.Four treatments were set,including the control(CK)without application of conditioner,and treatments with application of 1875 kg·hm-2 lime,silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer(SCKM)or oyster shell(OS).The results showed that,after the application of conditioners for three years,the soil pH value under the treatments with application of SCKM or OS was still significantly(P<0.05)higher than that under the CK by 0.41 and 0.20,respectively.The three treatments with application of conditioner significantly lowered the total exchangeable acid content.However,there was reacidification in the soil with application of lime after 3 years,whereas the SCKM treatment did not show reacidification,indicating its long-term effectiveness in amending soil acidity.Compared to the CK,application of SCKM significantly increased the soil exchangeable Ca 2+content,application of lime significantly increased the soil exchangeable Mg 2+content,and application of OS significantly increased the soil exchangeable K+content.Among the three conditioners,only the treatment with application of OS significantly reduced soil bulk density,yet increased soil porosity.Moreover,application of SCKM significantly increased the Shannon index of soil bacteria than that of CK,the treatments with application of lime or OS significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content,and the treatments with application of lime or SCKM significantly increased soil protease activity.In summary,among the three conditioners,SCKM exhibited the best performance in controlling soil acidification,improving soil nutrients and microbial activity,yet OS was better in improving soil physical properties.

关 键 词：土壤酸化 土壤调理剂 长效性 交换性酸 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]