悲剧何为:从《安提戈涅》重审黑格尔的悲剧观——基于马克思主义悲剧观的考察  

What Is Tragedy:A Re-examination of Hegel’s View of Tragedy from Antigone-A Study Based on the Marxist Tragic View

作　　者：易文杰 YI Wenjie

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《浙江艺术职业学院学报》2025年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Vocational Academy of Art

摘　　要：黑格尔认为《安提戈涅》的悲剧实质是在两种具有绝对本质性的伦理的对抗下,悲剧人物的矛盾产生尖锐的冲突,最后双方都受到惩罚,呈现调解后的和谐。然而,这种观点存在片面性。基于马克思悲剧观与对《安提戈涅》的文本细读,指出:(一)从民意来看,克瑞翁的儿子海蒙与全体市民都是反对将安提戈涅处死的;(二)从阶级分析来说,从克瑞翁与海蒙的论辩中,可见克瑞翁堪称暴君;(三)从性别视角来看,克瑞翁对女性的轻视也干扰了他的判断;(四)从形而上的角度来看,第一合唱歌不仅隐秘地表达出了民意,以及克瑞翁暴君的本质,更对其理性绝对主义进行反思。总而言之,安提戈涅是正义的英雄,在善恶斗争中她的毁灭呈现了悲剧的崇高。由此,我们可以得出《安提戈涅》的悲剧实质并非“两善对峙”而是“善恶斗争”。Hegel believes that the essence of the tragedy of Antigone is the confrontation of two ethics with absolute essentiality,the contradictions of the tragic characters produce sharp conflicts,and finally both sides are punished,presenting a conciliatory harmony.However,this view is one-sided.Based on Marx’s view of tragedy and a close reading of the text of Antigone,this paper points out that:(i)from the point of view of public opinion,Creon’s son,Haemon,along with all the citizens are against putting Antigone to death.(ii)In terms of class analysis,it is evident from Creon’s argument with Haemon that Creon is a tyrant.(iii)From a gender perspective,Creon’s con⁃tempt for women also interferes with his judgement.(iv)From the metaphysical perspective,the First Chorus not on⁃ly expresses the public opinion of the people and the nature of Creon’s tyrant in a hidden way,but also reflects on his rational absolutism.All in all,Antigone is a hero of justice,and her destruction in the struggle between good and evil presents the sublimity of tragedy.From this,we can conclude that the essence of the tragedy of Antigone is not a‘confrontation of good and evil’but a‘struggle between good and evil’.

关 键 词：《安提戈涅》 黑格尔 悲剧 马克思 

分 类 号：J80-02[艺术—戏剧戏曲]