算法对国家安全的“功能-结构”扰动及其对策  

Algorithmic Disturbances to National Security:Functional-Structural Dynamics and Response Strategies

作　　者：王寒 张龙辉 WANG Han;ZHANG Longhui(School of Politics and Law,Northeast Normal University;The United Research Center of Chinese Government Development,Nankai University,Changchun,130117)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,长春130117 [2]南开大学中国政府发展联合研究中心

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2025年第3期132-153,158,共23页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“国家政治安全的算法挑战及应对策略研究”(项目编号:24BZZ025);吉林省教育厅社会科学研究项目“数字吉林建设中的算法安全风险及其规制路径研究”(项目编号:JJKH20241364SK)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：算法的国家安全属性日益凸显,成为影响国家安全的重要变量和贯通国家安全诸领域的重要纽带,对国家安全产生系统扰动。算法对国家安全的扰动不是普遍意义的“结构-功能”逻辑,而是呈现“功能-结构”逻辑。算法对国家安全的系统扰动体现在功能性承载和结构性拓展两个方面,且呈现功能性扰动和结构性扰动并存共生的特点。算法不仅赋予国家安全新内涵,赋能国家安全诸领域功能实现和延伸,还带来新的国家安全风险,使国家安全遭遇技术性功能挑战。算法安全也成为新的国家安全类型,推动国家总体安全格局向算法领域延伸,致使数智时代的国家安全遭遇算法安全风险。这既需要通过持续算法模型优化、推动算法开源转化、完善算法产业支撑等,从算法技术研发和应用层面强化算法对国家安全的技术赋能,也需要从制度规制、国际协同层面完善算法监管制度,建设算法安全政策群,加强算法治理的国际合作,建设超越民族国家边界的国际算法安全体系,以增强国家安全韧性,推动国家安全体系和安全能力现代化的实现。The impact of algorithms on national security has become increasingly prominent.They serve both as an important variable affecting national security and as an important link across various security domains,thereby inevitably causing systemic disturbances to national security.Their impact follows a distinct“function-structure”pattern rather than conventional structural determinism.The original purpose of introducing algorithms into the field of national security was to enhance national security capabilities and functionality in specific domains.However,the pervasive penetration of algorithms into the field of national security has inadvertently triggered structural transformations within the national security architecture.The systemic disturbances caused by algorithms to national security are manifested in two aspects:functional augmentation and structural expansion,both of which are characterized by the coexistence of functional disturbances and structural disturbances.Algorithms not only provide new connotations to the concept of national security and empower the realization and extension of functionalities across various domains of national security,but also introduce new technological challenges to national security.In this context,algorithm’s security has emerged as a new type of national security,not only extending the overall national security architecture into the algorithmic realm but also exposing national security to algorithmic security challenges in the digital age.To address these challenges require optimizing algorithms,promoting open-source transformations,and strengthening the technological empowerment of algorithms in relation to national security from a research and application perspective.In addition,it is essential to improve the algorithm supervision system,develop comprehensive algorithm security policies,strengthen international cooperation in algorithm governance,and build an international algorithm security system in order to enhance national security resilience and promote the mode

关 键 词：国家安全 算法扰动 功能-结构逻辑 功能性承载 结构性拓展 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] TP301.6[政治法律—政治学]