跨国公司参与对俄制裁的现状及法律风险  

The Current Situation and Legal Risks of Multinational Corporations Participating in Sanctions Against Russia

作　　者：刘佳宸 刘瑛 LIU Jiachen;LIU Ying

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所 [2]中山大学法学院 [3]中山大学涉外法治研究院

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2025年第1期53-72,共20页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国全球单边经济制裁中涉华制裁案例分析与对策研究”(21&ZD207);广东省法学会涉外法治研究课题“反制裁法律机制研究”[GDLS(2024)C19]的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：俄乌冲突引发以美国为首的西方国家对俄罗斯实施“极限制裁”,并且使得大量跨国公司不同程度地脱离俄罗斯市场,形成跨国公司参与制裁的新现象。按照跨国公司对俄制裁的参与程度,其参与行为表现为完全撤离、中止经营、缩减规模、暂缓投资,但也有无明显参与行为继续在俄罗斯经营的企业。无论跨国公司对俄制裁的参与程度如何,在本轮对俄制裁的浪潮中都面临着复杂的法律风险,即参与对俄制裁的跨国公司存在俄罗斯反制裁的风险和违反人权保护的风险;不参与对俄制裁的跨国公司面临着母国制裁和美国次级制裁的风险。有鉴于此,我国企业应当在合规时进行多因素考量,并加强合规建设和合同设计,我国应当完善反制裁法律体系中公民诉权以及对外国制裁参与行为的界定,并合理利用不可靠实体清单,对跨国公司参与制裁的行为进行威慑。The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has triggered the implementation of maxi-mum sanctions on Russia by Western countries led by the United States,and has caused a large number of multinational companies to break away from or alienate the Russian market to varying degrees,forming a new phenomenon of multinational companies participating in sanctions.Accord-ing to the degree of participation of multinational companies in sanctions against Russia,their partic-ipation behaviors include withdrawal,suspension,scaling-down,pausing investment.But there are also enterprises that continue to operate in Russia without obvious participation.Regardless of the degree of participation of multinational companies in sanctions against Russia,they are facing com-plex legal risks in this wave of sanctions against Russia,that is,multinational companies participat-ing in sanctions against Russia have the risk of Russian anti-sanctions and violation of humanitarian protection,while multinational companies that do not participate in sanctions against Russia are also facing the risk of home country sanctions and secondary sanctions by the United States.In view of this,Chinese enterprises should be inspired to consider multiple factors when complying with regu-lations,and strengthen compliance construction and contract design,and China should also improve the definition of citizens’right of action and foreign sanctions’participation in foreign sanctions in the anti-sanctions legal system,and make reasonable use of the unreliable entity list to deter mul-tinational companies’participation in sanctions.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 制裁 反制裁 法律风险 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]