城市通风环境的多情景动态模拟与优化——以太原都市区为例  

Multi-scenario Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of Urban Ventilation Environment:A Case Study of Taiyuan Metropolitan Area

作　　者：黄俊达 王云才[2] HUANG Junda;WANG Yuncai(the Postdoctoral Research Station on Urban and Rural Planning,College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;the College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城乡规划流动站 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第5期71-77,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡景观生态规划理论与方法——以西南山地为例”(编号52238003)。

摘　　要：【目的】随着高密度建成区的扩张,作为消散空气污染与积热重要途径的城市通风环境面临着不同程度的威胁。依据不同规划目标对城市通风环境进行动态模拟,识别其变化趋势,为建设“凉爽城市”、保障城市可持续发展提供指导。【方法】以太原都市区多时序高精度数据为基础,从地表气压梯度、地表粗糙度和地表起伏度3个维度构建城市通风环境评价指标体系,分析城市通风环境变化趋势,并基于自然发展、耕地保护与生态优先3种用地情景,通过随机森林模型模拟2030、2040、2050年多情景下的城市通风环境。【结果】通风环境主要受粗糙度长度和地表温度梯度的影响;研究区域通风环境在2000—2020年整体呈恶化趋势,尤其在中心城区与晋中市之间;相比于耕地保护情景,生态优先情景对极好与较好等级通风环境面积的增加有更积极的影响;依据通风环境在不同情景下的差异,因地制宜地提出城市通风优化策略与规划建议。【结论】结合城市通风环境评价指标体系与随机森林模型模拟城市通风环境的动态变化,得到3条核心结论:1)林地与水域作为绿色基础设施对城市通风起着关键作用;2)平原耕地作为自然冷源和人为热源之间的过渡空间,是形成风廊的重要载体;3)城市规划应权衡建设用地扩张与良好的通风空间保护之间的关系。提出风景园林城市气候优化策略,可为建设韧性城市提供理论支持与实践指导。[Objective]In recent decades,China’s rapid urbanization has led to large amounts of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions,triggering significant urban heat island effects and air pollution,which seriously threaten the physical and mental health of residents.How to improve the urban human settlement environment has become the focus of urban planning.Urban ventilation,as an important way to deliver fresh and cold air to built-up areas,can effectively improve the comfort level.Although many international scholars have researched the optimization of urban ventilation,the existing research in China mainly focuses on the measurement of the current urban ventilation environment,while neglecting the long-term dynamic changes of the urban ventilation environment in response to different planning objectives in the process of urban development.[Methods]This research proposes a research framework generally applicable to the simulation of future changes in ventilation environment within city–region systems for the first time.Firstly,this research defines five indicators(surface temperature gradient,roughness length,forest canopy density,elevation variation coefficient,and slope)to evaluate the ventilation environment from three dimensions:surface pressure gradient,surface roughness,and surface undulation.Secondly,based on previous research and considering the natural environment and socio-economic development of the research area,DEM,slope,distance to primary roads,distance to secondary roads,distance to tertiary roads,population density,GDP,and building density are selected as driving factors in this research to investigate the transformation pattern of land use types.The data on driving factors and land use types in the research area in 2000 and 2010 are imported into the PLUS model.Three scenarios of natural development,farmland protection and ecological priority are set to simulate the land use types.Then,a prediction model is constructed based on the random forest algorithm.The land use types and ventilatio

关 键 词：风景园林 城市规划目标 机器学习 多情景模拟 城市通风 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]