北京市二十年以来职住空间关系变化和新趋势--基于人口和经济普查数据的新动态  

CHANGES AND TRENDS IN JOBS-HOUSING SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP IN BEIJING OVER THE PAST TWENTY YEARS:NEW DEVELOPMENTS BASED ON POPULATION CENSUS AND ECONOMIC SURVEY DATA

作　　者：张纯[1,2] 张婧楠 张威涛 朱高儒 ZHANG Chun;ZHANG Jingnan;ZHANG Weitao;ZHU Gaoru

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学城乡规划系 [2]中国城市规划学会 [3]武汉大学武汉数学与智能研究院

出　　处：《城市规划》2025年第4期86-94,共9页City Planning Review

基　　金：自然科学基金面上项目(51778039)。

摘　　要：中国城市的职住空间关系在过去20年发生了重要的变化。本文以超大城市北京为例,基于第五、六、七次人口普查分乡镇街道的居住人口和同期经济基本单元普查中的就业人口数据,采取GIS空间分析法识别了首都市域范围内的居住与就业空间特征,揭示了2000年以来不同年代的职住空间变化规律。分析结果显示,居住人口离心分散的居住郊区化趋势愈发加剧;2010年后近郊和远郊就业中心发育更为明显。职住比最近10年变化不大,远郊局部就业吸引力增强,城市南北部之间的职住不平衡更加明显。城市轨道交通出进站比进一步印证了以上职住空间的变化规律。本文以北京市为例,显示了中国超大城市从集聚到分散的变化趋势,对围绕职住空间关系演化规律的功能布局提供启示,也为未来都市圈的市域(郊)铁路建设与轨道交通网络优化提供参考。The spatial relationship between employment and housing in Chinese cities has undergone significant changes in the past two decades.Taking the megacity of Beijing as an example,this paper adopts the GIS spatial analysis method to identify the spatial characteristics of employment and housing within Beijing’s administrative region based on the residential population data by town/township/subdistrict from the fifth,sixth,and seventh censuses and the employment population data from the economic basic unit census in the same period,and reveals the changing patterns of employment and housing space in different years since 2000.The findings show that the trend of residential suburbanization with centrifugal dispersion has intensified,and that the development of suburban and exurban employment centers is more pronounced after 2010.With regard to the change of jobs-housing spatial relationship,the jobs-housing ratio has remained relatively stable over the past decade.However,the attraction of employment centers in the outer suburbs has increased,and the jobs-housing imbalance between the north and the south of the city has become more obvious.The outbound/inbound ratio of urban rail transit further confirms these changes.The paper demonstrates the changing trend of China’s megacities from agglomeration to decentralization,which offers insights into the adjustment of the functional layout centered on the evolution pattern of jobs-housing spatial relationship,and also provides a reference for the construction of suburban railways and the optimization of rail transit networks in the future metropolitan area.

关 键 词：职住空间关系 职住平衡 就业中心 轨道交通 北京 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]