数字时代的地理空间数据位置精度评价——美国测绘标准的启示  

Positional accuracy evaluation of geospatial data in digital era:Inspiration from American surveying and mapping standard

作　　者：陈钽 CHEN Tan(The Third Surveying and Mapping Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China;Hunan Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Security and Application,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省第三测绘院,湖南长沙410000 [2]湖南省地理空间信息工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410000 [3]地理信息安全与应用湖南省工程研究中心,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《测绘标准化》2025年第1期1-6,共6页Standardization of Surveying and Mapping

摘　　要：位置精度是测绘地理信息成果质量的重要评价指标,以此为核心的测绘产品标准和测绘生产规程是指导测绘生产实践的准绳。随着全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)、激光雷达、无人机倾斜摄影测量等技术的飞速发展以及激光点云、三维模型等数字测绘产品的出现,以纸质地图上最高分辨力为基础的传统位置精度评价体系已无法适应当前测绘地理信息精度评价的需求。针对新技术、新产品带来的变革,美国摄影测量与遥感学会先后发布了两版《ASPRS数字地理空间数据位置精度标准》。本文通过对该标准进行解读和归纳,并结合当前测绘地理信息行业最新发展趋势,为我国地理空间数据位置精度评价工作及相关测绘标准的调整和发展提供思路和参考。Positional accuracy is an important evaluation index of the geospatial data quality,and the surveying and mapping standards are the criteria to guide the surveying and mapping production practice.With the rapid development of GNSS,LiDAR,UAV oblique photogrammetry and others,as well as the emerging of digital surveying and mapping products such as laser point cloud and 3D model,the traditional positional accuracy evaluation system cannot meet the demands of surveying and mapping production.In response to the changes brought about by new technologies and new products,the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing has released two editions of ASPRS Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data.The standards are interpreted and summarized systematically in this paper to provide ideas and useful references for the development of domestic positional accuracy evaluation of geospatial data and the related surveying and mapping standards from the real situation of the related standards development in China.

关 键 词：地理空间数据 位置精度评价 测绘标准化 

分 类 号：P201[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]