昆虫耐寒性研究  

Research Progress in Insect Cold Hardines

作　　者：景晓红[1] 康乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理国家重点实验室,北京100080

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第12期2202-2207,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院一期创新资助项目 (kscx2 -1 -0 5 -0 3 )

摘　　要：昆虫是变温动物 ,气候变化是造成种群季节消长的基本原因之一。尤其在不良的低温环境中 ,昆虫耐寒力的高低是其种群存在与发展的重要前提。昆虫对低温的适应能力及其机理也因而成为昆虫生态学和生物进化研究中的一个深受重视的问题。本文论述了与耐寒性直接相关的过冷却点和昆虫的抗寒对策 ,明确了昆虫耐寒性的一些基本概念。一方面从环境影响昆虫的角度对耐寒性的一般规律 ,如季节性变化 ,地理变异 ,快速冷驯化的作用等做了简要的概括 ,另一方面阐述了昆虫适应环境的生理生化机制 ,包括低分子量的抗冻物质的产生 ,冰核剂的作用及抗冻蛋白的功能等。强调昆虫与环境相互作用过程中的生态生理适应。并指出昆虫耐寒性应当与生活史中别的因素联系起来 ,这样才能对耐寒性有一个更加全面的理解。Climate change will often lead to the fluctuation of insect populations,because insect is poikilothermic animals.Cold hardiness becomes a crucial strategy of insects.It largely determines the distribution,abundance and developmental rates of insect population.Here we summarize the literature about insect cold hardiness in order to make others convenient to know this field.\;The supercooling point(SCP)is perhaps the most common index of invertebrate cold hardiness and is often the first measurement to be made when the cold tolerance of a given species is to be investigated.Underlying the assumption that the SCP is an accurate indicator of cold hardiness,the strategies adopted by insects to survive at low temperature were classified into two types:freezing avoidance and freezing tolerance.In recent years,many scientists have questioned the validity of this viewpoint,because more insect mortality occurred well above the SCP.Therefore,it was suggested that the SCP should not be used as a unique and completely reliable index in determining the cold hardiness of insects.The current freezing avoidance/tolerance classification system has also been extended from two types to five types.\;The cold hardiness of insect is a reflection of insect adaptation to its environement.In temporal and spatial scales,the seasonal climate change results in the seasonal difference in cold hardiness,and the latitudinal difference also leads to geographical variation in cold hardiness.Low temperature acclimation before cold stress significantly increases the old hardiness of insects.In addition,the physiological and biochemical process in response to low temperature enhance insect's adaptation to extreme low temperature,which makes it possible to survive in the harsh winter climate.Both the degrees of freezing tolerance and supercooling increase by the accumulation of Low\|molecular\|weight cryoprotectant substances,e.g.glycerol.Ice nucleating agents have special functions in freezing tolerant insects,but have to be removed or biochemically

关 键 词：昆虫 耐寒性 生理生化机制 种群动态消长 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]