水稻的氮磷钾养分吸收特性及其与产量的关系  

Nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium uptake characteristics of rice and its relationship with grain yield

作　　者：邹长明[1] 秦道珠[2] 徐明岗[2] 申华平[2] 王伯仁[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽技术师范学院农学系,安徽凤阳233100 [2]中国农业科学院红壤实验站,湖南祁阳426182

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2002年第4期6-10,共5页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家九五攻关课题 (960 0 40 3 0 3 )

摘　　要：在田间条件下 ,对包括两系杂交稻在内的 8个水稻品种的氮磷钾吸收特性及其与产量的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明 :早稻仅在分蘖—拔节期出现一个吸氮高峰 ,约占总吸氮量的 6 0 % ;晚稻在分蘖期和孕穗—抽穗期出现两个吸氮高峰 ,分别占总吸氮量的 4 0 %和 2 4 %左右。早稻吸收磷钾的高峰期可从分蘖期一直持续到抽穗期以后 ;而晚稻吸收磷钾的高峰期仅在分蘖期 ,其吸收量占全生育期吸收量的 5 5 %以上。在稻谷产量、稻草产量和干物质总积累量方面 ,两系杂交稻比其它品种具有明显的优势 ,分别高出 2 1% ,4 6 %和 32 % ;在这些方面晚稻比早稻具有更明显的优势 ,晚稻的磷钾养分 (尤其是磷素 )利用效率比早稻高 ,晚稻吸收较少的养分而生产较多的稻谷。相关分析表明 ,水稻各生育阶段的吸氮量与稻谷产量均呈显著正相关 ;而中后期的磷钾吸收多为奢侈吸收 。Nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium uptake characteristics of rice and its relationship with grain yield were studied in the paddy field experiment in Hu′nan,China in 1999.Eight varieties including the two line hybrid strains were used in the experiment.The results showed that:Only one peak of nitrogen uptake appeared at tillering to jointing stage of the early rice.The percentage was about 60% of total nitrogen uptake.Two peaks of nitrogen uptake appeared at tillering stage and booting earing stage of the late rice.The percentages were about 40% and 24% of total nitrogen uptake.The early rice started to absorb phosphorous and potassium largely from tillering stage to milky stage.However,only one peak of phosphorous and potassium uptake appeared at tillering stage of the late rice.The percentage was more than 55% of total phosphorous and potassium uptake.The accumulation of dry matter,yield of grain and straw of the two line hybrid strains were 21%,46% and 32% higher than that of the other varieties.The late rice was superior to the early rice on that,too.Under the same amount of phosphorous or potassium uptake,grain yield of the late rice was higher than that of the early rice.There was obvious positive correlation between grain yield and nitrogen uptake at all growing stages.There was not correlation between grain yield and phosphorous or potassium uptake in reproduction growing period.Because phosphorous and potassium uptake were luxury consumption in reproduction growing period.

关 键 词：水稻 养分吸收特性 产量 早稻 晚稻 相关性 氮肥 磷肥 钾肥 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]