花铃期不同时段水分亏缺对棉花群体光合速率及水分利用效率影响的研究  

A Study of Effect of Water Deficit of Three Period During Cotton Anthesis on Canopy Apparent Photosynthesis and WUE

作　　者：马富裕[1] 李蒙春[1] 杨建荣[1] 季新疆[1] 申屠向东[1] 陶会俊 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆作物高产研究中心,石河子832003 [2]石河子市种子公司,石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2002年第12期1467-1472,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 1BA5 0 7A 0 4)

摘　　要：对棉花花铃期前期 (开花以后前 10d)、中期 (开花后 10～ 4 0d)、后期 (开花 4 0d以后 ) 3个时段水分亏缺(土壤含水量临界值为 0～ 6 0cm ,土层 4 0 %～ 5 0 %田间相对持水量 )的群体光合效应研究表明 ,花铃期中期水分亏缺对棉花群体光合影响最大 ,导致群体光合速率 (CAP)最大值 (CO2 ,3.6 g·m-2 ·h-1)比适水 (CO2 ,4 .5 g·m-2 ·h-1)下降 4 2 .2 % ,最大值出现日期提前 7d ;对冠层上部影响最大 ,其次是中部 ,下部最小。其中冠层上部CAP下降2 8%、中部 13.3%、下部 10 % ;并且使棉株果枝成铃空间分布由线性的三角形变为抛物线的“凹槽”形 ;单株平均成铃 3.7个 ,皮棉单产 114 8kg·ha-1,分别比适水对照减少 1.7个和 74 1kg·ha-1;水分利用效率为皮棉 0 .2 4kg·m-3 ,比对照下降 2 7%。若将水分亏缺时段移至花铃前期或后期 ,可减轻水分亏缺对群体光合效率、棉株成铃分布、产量的影响 ,并提高水分利用效率。s: This article presented the effect of water deficit of three periods (DAB, earlier 10 days after blooming, 10-40d, after 40d) during cotton anthesis on canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP) and water use efficiency(WUE). The maximum of (CO 2) CAP of the treatment of water deficit during middle anthesis(WDDMA) declined to 3.6 g·m -2 ·h -1 from 4.5 g·m -2 ·h -1 of proper irrigation(CK); and the date of maximum of CAP was earlier 7 days than CK. Compared with CK, the WDDMA treatment made the CAP of upper canopy decrease 28 percent, middle canopy 13.3 percent, and lower canopy 10 percent; the bolls per plant declined 1.7 , WUE went down 27 percent, compared with CK. If deficit irrigation advanced earlier 10 DAB(water deficit during earlier anthesis, WDDEA) or postponed after 40 DAB(water deficit during late anthesis, WDDLA), the adverse effect of water deficit could be lightened respectively. Most important, WUE could be greatly increased in the treatment of WDDLA.

关 键 词：花铃期 时段 水分亏缺 棉花 群体光合速率 水分利用效率 影响 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]