由棕榈油无溶剂法合成蔗糖棕榈酸酯  

Nonsolvent Method for Synthesizing Sucrose Palmitic Acid Ester from Palm Oil and Sucrose

作　　者：章亚东[1] 高晓蕾[1] 蒋登高[1] 张艳[1] 王自健[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《精细化工》2002年第12期697-702,726,共7页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：河南省自然科学基础研究项目资助(994032800)

摘　　要：在酸催化下,由乙醇与棕榈油反应制出了棕榈酸乙酯。在催化剂和乳化剂存在下,以棕榈酸乙酯、蔗糖为原料酯交换法合成出了蔗糖棕榈酸酯(SE),用红外光谱、激光电离质谱对SE进行了分析表征,详细考察了蔗糖粒度,乳化剂、催化剂用量,反应温度、压力及时间,原料配比等因素对SE产率的影响。通过制成易挥发衍生物方法,建立了分析SE组成的气相色谱方法。用正交实验法优化出了较佳合成条件,即n(棕榈酸乙酯)∶n(蔗糖)=3∶1,m(催化剂)∶m(蔗糖)=0 08∶1,m(乳化剂)∶m(反应物料)=0 12∶1,温度～125℃,压力～2 67kPa,时间～4h。该条件下,SE产率(以蔗糖计)在73 6%以上。Sucrose ester(SE) is a new type of nonionic surfactant which possesses high emulsifying,softening,detergent,low foaming and nonirritating properties.In the presence of an acid catalyst,palmitic acid ethyl ester was synthesized by transesterification reaction of palm oil with absolute ethano1.Then,in the presence of catalyst and emulsifier,sucrose ester was prepared by transesterification method using palmitic acid ethyl ester and sucrose as raw materials.The optimal process conditions for synthesizing SE were obtained by orthogonal experiment design,i.e.,mole ratio of palmitic acid ethyl ester to sucrose～3∶1,mass ratio of catalyst to sucrose ～0.08∶1,mass ratio of emulsifier to total reaction materials～012∶1,reaction temperature ～125 ℃,pressure ～267 kPa and reaction time～4 h.Under these conditions,based on the amount of sucrose,yield of sucrose monoester was more than 736%.In addition, gas chromatographic analysis method of SE was established.

关 键 词：棕榈油 无溶剂法 合成 蔗糖棕榈酸酯 非离子表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TQ423.2[化学工程]