印楝质杀虫剂的生物活性及作用机制研究进展  

Research progress on the bioactivities and the action modes of neem-based pesticides

作　　者：嵇保中[1] 孙云霄[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2002年第6期23-28,共6页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"应用植物源活性物质控制天牛种群的新途径" (项目批准号:39870 62 3)

摘　　要：印楝质杀虫剂对昆虫有忌避、拒食、干扰生长发育、降低生殖力等多方面的生物活性。印楝质杀虫剂对不同昆虫的取食影响差异较大 ,鳞翅目昆虫较敏感。对不同昆虫的生长发育、生殖等方面的效应较为一致 ,但处理方法对效果有影响 ,注射处理比点滴、口服效果好。印楝质杀虫剂的作用机制包括 :(1)影响触角、跗节、产卵器上化学感受器的功能导致忌避作用 ;(2 )影响口器上厌食及其他化学感器产生初生拒食反应 ;(3)作用于消化系统形成次生拒食反应 ;(4 )障碍形态发生肽类激素的释放 ,影响蜕皮激素、保幼激素滴度 ,抑制生长发育并使生殖力下降 ;(5 )抑制细胞分裂、损害发育中的器官组织。印楝质杀虫剂在细胞。Neem based pesticides(NBP)have a wide range of effects against insect pests,including repellence,antifeedancy,oviposition deterrence,fecundity decline or sterility and growth regulatory activity.The antifeedant activity of NBP on different insects varies markedly among species.Lepidoptera has shown particularly sensitive antifeedancy to NBP.The physiological effects of NBP on growth and reproduction are more consistency among species.The insect growth regulatory effects of NBP on insects varies with the treating methods.Treating by oral cannulation or topical application are less effective than by injection.The action modes of NBP lie in:(1)It effects on the function of chemoreceptors of antennae,tarsi or ovipositor and results in repellence.(2)It effects on deterrent and other chemoreceptors of mouth parts and results in the primary antifeedants.(3)It acts on the digestive system and results in the secondary antifeedants.(4)It acts on ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titres through a blockage of morphogenetic peptide hormone release and results in growth inhibition and fecundity decline.(5)It inhibits the mitosis of cells and does harm to the development of tissues and organs.The action modes of NBP at the cellular or molecular biology level has not been elucidated yet.

关 键 词：印楝质杀虫剂 生物活性 作用机制 昆虫行为 生长发育 

分 类 号：S767.3[农业科学—森林保护学]