灌溉方式对现代绿洲影响的数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of Influence of Different Irrigation Methods on Oasis

作　　者：高艳红[1] 陈玉春[1] 吕世华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2003年第1期90-94,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40075022);国家973项目(G2000048704)资助

摘　　要：灌溉是农业发展的根本,没有灌溉就没有荒漠区农业。利用美国NCAR中尺度模式MM5V3模拟了喷灌与不同水量地灌以及没有灌溉对绿洲土壤湿度、地下径流以及感热、潜热通量的不同影响。结果表明:①地灌后地表蒸发与植被层的蒸腾更旺盛,散失的水分更多;而喷灌可以抑制地表蒸发与植被层的蒸腾,对土壤水的保持更有利。②喷灌试验要在土壤湿度达饱和以后才会形成地下径流量,而地灌试验则是土壤湿度与地下径流量同时增长。总之,喷灌方式是一种高效节水的灌溉方式,它比其它灌溉方法更有利于绿洲农业生态系统的温度整体降低,不论土壤湿度还是大气湿度都会相应增大,抑制地表土壤水分的蒸发,有利于绿洲农业维持。Irrigation is the fundamentality of oasis agriculture in desert region. There is no agriculture when no irrigation. Influence of different irrigation methods on oasis soil moisture, underground runoff, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux is simulated using NCAR non\|hydrostatic mesoscale model (MM5V3).The results are as follows: (1) The evaporation and transpiration were larger after ground irrigation, which will speed up the loss of soil moisture content; In contrary, spring irrigation can restrain evaporation and transpiration, this is helpful for soil moisture content maintenance. (2) Underground runoff does not form until the soil reach saturation during spring irrigation; while it forms and increases with soil moisture increasing at the same time during ground irrigation. In short, spring irrigation is an effective and water\|saving irrigation method. It can cut down the temperature near the surface in the oasis ecosystem, keep not only the soil moisture but also the relative humidity higher in ecosystem, restrain the loss of soil moisture content and maintain the development of oasis agriculture.

关 键 词：灌溉方式 绿洲 数值模拟 农业 土壤湿度 节水 喷灌 生态系统 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学] S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]