贝江浮游藻类群落特征及富营养化风险分析  

Phytoplankton Community Structure and Eutrophication Risk Assessment of Beijiang River

作　　者：苟婷[1,2] 马千里[1] 许振成[1,2] 王丽[1] 李杰[2] 赵学敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655 [2]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第3期946-954,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401115);龙江河后评估项目(PM-zx019-201207-018);鹤地水库蓝藻水华监控与应急处置技术项目(PM-zx022-201409-014)

摘　　要：为了解贝江浮游藻类的分布特征与水质状况,于枯水期和丰水期对浮游藻类群落结构的时空动态进行调查和分析.结果表明,贝江共检出浮游藻类6门29科48属74种,其中枯水期5门23科41属58种,丰水期6门26科40属59种,藻类组成以硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门为主,硅藻种群全年占优势,主要有颗粒沟链藻、变异脆杆藻、二列双菱藻、双头菱形藻、简单舟形藻、梅尼小环藻、肘状针杆藻、窄异极藻和膨胀桥弯藻;藻细胞总密度两期差异较小,枯水期平均值为3.54×105cells·L-1,丰水期平均值为4.87×105cells·L-1.RDA分析表明,DO、高锰酸盐指数和氮磷营养盐是影响贝江浮游藻类群落分布的主要环境因子,贝江流域水质整体良好,处于贫-中营养水平,但氮磷浓度较高,农业面源污染是导致水体中氮磷偏高的主要来源.To study the distribution of phytoplankton and water quality of Beijiang River,the community structure of phytoplankton was investigated and analyzed in wet and dry seasons. The results showed that a total of 74 species belonging to six phyla,29 family and 48 genera of phytoplankton were identified,including 58 species of five phyla,23 family and 41 genera in wet season and 59 species of six phyla,26 family and 40 genera in dry season. Phytoplankton community structure in Beijiang River was represented by Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. Bacillariophyta dominanted the phytoplankton,and the dominant species were Aulacoseira granulate,Fragilaria virescens,Surirella biseriata,Nitzschia amphibia,Navicula simplex,Cyclotella meneghiniana,Synedra ulna,Gomphonema angustatum and Cymbella tumida. There was little difference in phytoplankton density between both seasons with the mean values being3. 54 × 105 and 4. 87 × 105cells·L- 1in dry and wet seasons,respectively. Based on the RDA results,DO,permanganate index,nitrogen and phosphorus were the important environmental factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton in Beijiang River. The water quality of Beijiang River was classified as oligo-mesotrophic level even if this river was subjected to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution mainly from agricultural non-point source.

关 键 词：贝江 浮游藻类 群落结构 富营养化 农业面源污染 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]