办公室内颗粒物载带溴系阻燃剂的人体呼吸暴露  

Indoor Exposure to Particle-Bound BFRs via Inhalation

作　　者：李岫雯 曾辉[1] 倪宏刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院循环经济实验室,深圳518000

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第6期1989-1997,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：深圳市科创委重点实验室提升项目(ZDSY20120614145024623)

摘　　要：通过对封闭房间、通风房间和室外环境中大气颗粒物分级采样,分析了大气颗粒相上溴系阻燃剂(BFRs)的负荷水平,并对目标污染物在颗粒相的粒径分布特征及其控制因素进行研究.以此为基础,采用人体呼吸暴露数值模型,估算了大气颗粒相载带BFRs在人体呼吸道各部位的暴露量.研究表明,在室内外大气颗粒相样品中,多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)以BDE-209为主,而六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)则以α-HBCD为主;整体上,室内大气颗粒物中BFRs高于室外的相应浓度,其浓度水平与电子垃圾处理厂周边大气颗粒相目标物浓度近似,高于中国其它地区室内外大气颗粒相载带BFRs浓度.粒径分布分析结果显示,PBDEs在封闭房间中主要分布在0.4~0.7μm和5.8~9.0μm的粒径上,呈现双峰形式,而在通风和室外环境中则主要分布在4.7~10.0μm的大颗粒上;HBCDs则主要分布在大颗粒上.呼吸暴露估算结果表明,在封闭状态下的办公室内,呼吸道各部位经由呼吸摄入的总PBDEs和HBCDs暴露量分别为22.56~1 503 pg·(h·kg)-1和0.09~9.25 pg·(h·kg)-1;而在自然通风状态下的办公室内,上述暴露量则分别为13.89~601.1 pg·(h·kg)-1和0.07~1.75 pg·(h·kg)-1.显然,自然通风有利于室内污染物向室外扩散,从而减小了室内呼吸暴露风险.通过比较,可以看出呼吸摄入BFRs暴露量小于灰尘摄入的暴露量,呼吸不是BFRs室内人体暴露的主要途径.Size-fractionated atmospheric particles were collected in the closed room,ventilated room and outdoors in a university campus and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers( PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane( HBCDs). The concentrations of particle-bound Σ PBDE( sum of four PBDE congeners) indoors were significantly greater than those in other regions and similar to the levels in electronic waste recycling sites. In all the samples,BDE209 and α-HBCD were the dominant congener for PBDEs and HBCDs,respectively. The size-fractionated distributions of airborne Σ PBDE displayed bimodal peaks in 0. 4-0. 7 and 5. 8-9. 0 μm in the closed room,but only a unimodal peak in 4. 7-10. 0 μm in the ventilated room and outdoors. For HBCD,approximate 90% HBCD were found on coarse particles( aerodynamic diameter( Dp) > 2. 1 μm). The inhalation intake of PBDE and HBCD in closed and ventilated rooms were 22. 56- 1 503 pg·( h·kg)- 1,0. 09- 9. 25 pg·( h·kg)- 1and 13. 89- 601. 1 pg·( h·kg)- 1,0. 07- 1. 75pg·( h·kg)- 1,respectively. These estimates were much lower than the exposure via dust ingestion suggesting that inhalation of particle-bound BFRs may not be a vital exposure route.

关 键 词：PBDES HBCDS 大气颗粒物 分级 呼吸暴露 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]