植草沟控制道路径流污染效果的现场实验研究  

Performance of Grass Swales for Controlling Pollution of Roadway Runoff in Field Experiments

作　　者：黄俊杰[1] 沈庆然 李田[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第6期2109-2115,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2011ZX07303-001;2011ZX07303-002)

摘　　要：在合肥市滨湖新区建造了2条不同形式的植草沟,在实际降雨条件下监测2种植草沟的进、出水流量与水质,考察其对道路径流的水质净化和污染负荷控制效果.结果表明,植草输送沟(设施Ⅰ)与干植草沟(设施Ⅱ)均能有效去除径流中的TSS、COD、Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn等污染物,设施Ⅰ对TSS及COD的去除率中值分别为67.1%、46.7%,设施Ⅱ对TSS及COD的去除率中值分别为78.6%、58.6%,设施Ⅱ出水中Pb、Cu、Zn这3种重金属离子浓度均可达到地表水Ⅴ类水的要求;2种植草沟在部分降雨事件出水中均存在氮、磷物质的释放现象;2种植草沟对TP的去除受进水浓度的影响,去除效果随进水浓度的增加而逐渐提高,设施Ⅰ和设施Ⅱ对TP的平均去除率分别为14.7%和45.4%;设施Ⅱ对TSS、COD、TP、TN、NH+4-N、NO-3-N的负荷控制效果优于设施Ⅰ;在土壤渗透性能差、地面坡度小的地区,使用干植草沟可以取得较好的水质控制及污染负荷削减效果.Two different styles of grass swales were built in new Binhu region of Hefei city to monitor the flux and quality of the influent and effluent water under actual precipitation conditions,in order to evaluate the performance of water quality purification and pollution load control for roadway runoff. The results showed that both of the grass swales could effectively remove the pollutants such as TSS,COD,Pb,Cu,Cd,Zn in roadway runoff; the median EMC removal efficiencies of TSS and COD were 67. 1%,46. 7% respectively,for facility Ⅰ,and the median EMC removal efficiencies of TSS and COD were 78. 6%,58. 6% respectively,for facility Ⅱ; the concentrations of Pb,Cu,Zn in the effluent of facility Ⅱ could meet the requirements of the surface water quality class Ⅴ; release of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred in both facilities Ⅰ and Ⅱ in several rainfall events,mainly in heavy storms; the removal efficiencies of TP in the two grass swales were improved with the increase of influent concentration; the mean removal efficiencies of TP in facilities Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 14. 7% and 45. 4%,respectively; the load control performance of facility Ⅱ for pollutants such as TSS,COD,TP,TN,NH+4-N and NO-3-N was better than that of facility Ⅰ; in the district with poor soil permeability and low ground slope,application of dry swale could achieve better performance in water quality control and pollution load reduction of roadway runoff.

关 键 词：植草沟 道路径流 水质净化 污染负荷 低影响开发 

分 类 号：X734[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173