重庆市典型城镇区地表径流污染特征  

Pollution Characteristics of Surface Runoff of Typical Town in Chongqing City

作　　者：王龙涛[1,2] 段丙政 赵建伟[1,2] 华玉妹 朱端卫[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院生态与环境工程研究室,武汉430070 [2]农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《环境科学》2015年第8期2809-2816,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371452;40901264);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07307-002)

摘　　要：以重庆大渡口区建胜镇为典型区域,选取水泥瓦屋顶、石棉瓦屋顶、水泥平屋顶、居民区水泥路面、餐饮沥青路面、油库沥青路面等不透水下垫面和附近一条合流制溢流渠为采样点,研究了城镇地表径流中营养性污染物和重金属排放特征.结果表明,路面径流中TSS、COD、TN、TP平均质量浓度为(1 681.2±677.2)、(1 154.7±415.5)、(12.07±2.72)、(3.32±1.15)mg·L-1,普遍高于屋面径流污染物平均质量浓度:(13.3±6.5)、(100.4±24.8)、(3.58±0.70)、(0.10±0.02)mg·L-1.不透水地表径流中,TDN、TDP分别占TN、TP的62.60%±34.38%、42.22%±33.94%.与中心城区相比,本城镇地表径流污染物质量浓度一般较高.合流制溢流中,TSS、COD、TDN、TN、TDP、TP为(281.57±308.38)、(231.21±42.95)、(8.16±2.78)、(10.60±3.94)、(0.38±0.23)、(1.51±0.75)mg·L-1,重金属质量浓度均未超过地表水环境质量Ⅴ类标准.合流制溢流中大部分污染物存在初期冲刷效应,而TSS的初期冲刷效应较弱.合流制溢流中,COD、TP与TSS都具有显著正相关关系,NH+4-N和TP、TDP、TN、TDP之间呈显著正相关关系,而NO-3-N和其它指标都呈负相关关系.Six kinds of impermeable underlying surface,cement tile roof,asbestos roof,cement flat roof,residential concrete pavement,asphalt pavement of restaurants,asphalt pavement of oil depot,and a combined sewer overflow canal in the Jiansheng town of Dadukou district in Chongqing city were chosen as sample plots to study the characteristics of nutritional pollutants and heavy metals in town runoff. The research showed that the average mass concentrations of TSS,COD,TN,TP in road runoff were( 1 681. 2 ± 677. 2),( 1 154. 7 ± 415. 5),( 12. 07 ± 2. 72),( 3. 32 ± 1. 15) mg·L-1,respectively. These pollutants were higher than those in roof runoff which were( 13. 3 ± 6. 5),( 100. 4 ± 24. 8),( 3. 58 ± 0. 70),( 0. 10 ± 0. 02) mg·L-1,respectively. TDN accounted for 62. 60% ±34. 38% of TN,and TDP accounted for 42. 22% ± 33. 94% of TP in the runoff of impermeable underlying surface. Compared with the central urban runoff,town runoff in our study had higher mass concentrations of these pollutants. The mass concentrations of TSS,COD,TDN,TN,TDP and TP in the combined sewer overflow were( 281. 57 ± 308. 38),( 231. 21 ± 42. 95),( 8. 16 ± 2. 78),( 10. 60± 3. 94),( 0. 38 ± 0. 23) and( 1. 51 ± 0. 75) mg·L-1,respectively. The average levels of heavy metals in this kind of runoff did not exceed the class Ⅵ level of the surface water environmental quality standard. Most pollutants in the combined sewer overflow had first flush. However,this phenomenon was very rare for TSS. There was a significant positive correlation between TSS and COD,TP in the combined sewer overflow. And this correlation was significant between NH+4-N and TP,TDP,TN,TDP. However,a negative correlation existed between NO-3-N and all other indicators.

关 键 词：城镇地表径流 营养性污染物 重金属 合流制溢流 初期冲刷 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]