水杉(杉科)的叶表皮结构  

EPIDERMAL STRUCTURES OF METASEQUDIA GLYPTOSTROBOIDES HU ET CHENG(TAXODIACEAE)

作　　者：马清温[1] 张金保[1] 

机构地区：[1]聊城大学生物系,聊城252059

出　　处：《植物研究》2003年第1期32-35,T001,共5页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 30 0 70 0 5 6 );中国科学院重大项目 (KZ95 1-B1-10 5 )资助

摘　　要：研究了采自北京、上海和聊城 (山东省 )的水杉叶片。叶上下表皮细胞特征一致 :从叶顶部到基部 ,表皮细胞壁有“直———弯曲———直”的趋势 ,但具有直或稍微弯曲的表皮细胞壁的区域只占整个表皮面积的很小部分。气孔的数量和分布在叶的上下表面明显不同 :在某些叶片 ,上下表面均有气孔分布 ,但上表面只有 1～ 1 0 0个气孔分布在叶片顶部或极少数分布在基部 ,气孔分布区只占整个上表皮面积的一小部分。有些叶片上表皮无气孔分布。在所有获得的表皮中 ,下表皮气孔数量和分布变化不大 ,中脉两侧从顶部到基部各分布 3～ 8列气孔。没有发现叶片上表面气孔有无或分布差异与北京、上海和聊城三个采集点之间以及与叶片在同一植株不同位置的相关性。杉科的许多属种在叶片的形态和排列上相似 ,化石标本又多为枝叶形式 ,有时难以区分。水杉叶表皮结构的研究为杉科化石植物的分类 ,提供了表皮特征的参照标准 。Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng from Beijing, Shanghai and Liaocheng (Shandong Province) were studied. Epidermal cells are identical between upper and lower surface of leaves. Epidermal cell walls are straight-vavy-straight from tip to base of leaves, but area possessing straight cell walls is account to very small part compare with the whole epidermis. Stomata amounts and distributions are obviously different between upper and lower surface of leaves. Stomata distributed in both lower and upper surface on some leaves. In upper surface of leaves, only 1～100 stomata locate on tip or base and stomata area account very small part compare with whole upper surface of leaves. Sometimes, no any stoma locates on upper surface. Stomata amounts and distribution are nearly invariable on lower surface of all obtained leaves, stomata arranged to 3～8 rows and located on each side of mid-vein from tip to base of lower epidermis. Relationships were not found among diversity of stomatal distribution in upper surface of leaves, leaves from different location and from different sites of the one tree in M. glyptostroboides. Epidermal structures of M. glyptostroboides will offer reference of epidermal structures in distinguishing fossil specimen of Taxodiaceae and provide stomatal frequency and index for analyzing CO 2 consistence of atmosphere.

关 键 词：水杉 杉科 叶表皮结构 气孔 

分 类 号：Q949.666[生物学—植物学] Q944.56